谢谢分享!我下载了,分享一下目录吧,方便感兴趣的了解更多。
很快速的浏览了一遍,是一本好书,结合SAS EM讲的,几乎没有SAS代码,理论性很强,相信有时间研究的朋友一定会有很大的收获~~
Contents
Preface ................................................................................................ vii
Acknowledgments ............................................................................... xi
Chapter 1 Decision Trees—What Are They? .....................1
Introduction ..........................................................................................1
Using Decision Trees with Other Modeling Approaches ...................5
Why Are Decision Trees So Useful? ...................................................8
Level of Measurement .......................................................................11
Chapter 2 Descriptive, Predictive, and Explanatory
Analyses.........................................................17
Introduction .................................................................................................. 18
The Importance of Showing Context .................................................19
Antecedents ................................................................................21
Intervening Factors .....................................................................22
A Classic Study and Illustration of the Need to
Understand Context ...........................................................................23
The Effect of Context..........................................................................25
How Do Misleading Results Appear? ................................................26
Automatic Interaction Detection ...............................................28
The Role of Validation and Statistics in Growing Decision Trees ....34
The Application of Statistical Knowledge to Growing
Decision Trees ....................................................................................36
Significance Tests.......................................................................36
The Role of Statistics in CHAID..................................................37
Validation to Determine Tree Size and Quality ..................................40
What Is Validation? .....................................................................41
Pruning ................................................................................................44
iv Contents
Machine Learning, Rule Induction, and Statistical Decision
Trees ................................................................................................... 49
Rule Induction ............................................................................ 50
Rule Induction and the Work of Ross Quinlan .......................... 55
The Use of Multiple Trees .......................................................... 57
A Review of the Major Features of Decision Trees .......................... 58
Roots and Trees ......................................................................... 58
Branches..................................................................................... 59
Similarity Measures .................................................................... 59
Recursive Growth....................................................................... 59
Shaping the Decision Tree......................................................... 60
Deploying Decision Trees .......................................................... 60
A Brief Review of the SAS Enterprise Miner ARBORETUM
Procedure ................................................................................ 60
Chapter 3 The Mechanics of Decision Tree
Construction ................................................. 63
The Basics of Decision Trees ............................................................ 64
Step 1—Preprocess the Data for the Decision Tree Growing
Engine ................................................................................................. 66
Step 2—Set the Input and Target Modeling Characteristics ........... 69
Targets ........................................................................................ 69
Inputs .......................................................................................... 71
Step 3—Select the Decision Tree Growth Parameters .................... 72
Step 4—Cluster and Process Each Branch-Forming Input Field .... 74
Clustering Algorithms................................................................. 78
The Kass Merge-and-Split Heuristic ......................................... 86
Dealing with Missing Data and Missing Inputs in Decision
Trees ........................................................................................... 87
Step 5—Select the Candidate Decision Tree Branches................... 90
Step 6—Complete the Form and Content of the Final
Decision Tree..................................................................... 107
Contents v
Chapter 4 Business Intelligence and Decision Trees....121
Introduction.......................................................................................122
A Decision Tree Approach to Cube Construction...........................125
Multidimensional Cubes and Decision Trees Compared:
A Small Business Example .......................................................126
Multidimensional Cubes and Decision Trees: A Side-by-
Side Comparison ......................................................................133
The Main Difference between Decision Trees and
Multidimensional Cubes ...........................................................135
Regression as a Business Tool ........................................................136
Decision Trees and Regression Compared .............................137
Chapter 5 Theoretical Issues in the Decision Tree
Growing Process ..........................................145
Introduction.......................................................................................146
Crafting the Decision Tree Structure for Insight and Exposition....147
Conceptual Model.....................................................................148
Predictive Issues: Accuracy, Reliability, Reproducibility,
and Performance ......................................................................155
Sample Design, Data Efficacy, and Operational Measure
Construction..............................................................................156
Multiple Decision Trees ....................................................................159
Advantages of Multiple Decision Trees ...................................160
Major Multiple Decision Tree Methods ....................................161
Multiple Random Classification Decision Trees ......................170
Chapter 6 The Integration of Decision Trees with Other
Data Mining Approaches .............................173
Introduction.......................................................................................174
Decision Trees in Stratified Regression...................................174
Time-Ordered Data ...................................................................176
Decision Trees in Forecasting Applications ....................................177
vi Contents
Decision Trees in Variable Selection............................................... 181
Decision Tree Results .............................................................. 183
Interactions............................................................................... 183
Cross-Contributions of Decision Trees and Other
Approaches .............................................................................. 185
Decision Trees in Analytical Model Development .......................... 186
Conclusion........................................................................................ 192
Business Intelligence ............................................................... 192
Data Mining .............................................................................. 193
Glossary........................................................................ 195
References ................................................................... 211
Index............................................................................. 215
|