根据字符变量x中取值的顺序，得到新的变量y·

1. data aaa;
   
2. input x$;
   
3. cards;
   
4. a
   
5. b
   
6. a
   
7. c
   
8. b
   
9. c
   
10. c
    
11. .
    
12. ;
    
13. run;

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先根据字符变量x中取值的顺序，得到新的变量y，按照顺序分别为1 2 3。
x  y
a  1
b  2
a  1
c  3
b  2
c  3
c  3
    .

不要用if x="a" then y=1;  根据顺序判断。谢谢！

用first判断是否是新数据，再加一个自增数值

data aaa;
input x$;
cards;
a
b
a
c
b
c
c
.
;
run;
data aaa;
set aaa;
id=_n_;
run;
proc sort data=aaa out=aaasort;
by x;
run;
data aaasort;
set aaasort;
by x;
if missing(x) then y=.;
else if not missing(x) then  if first.x=1 then y+1;
output;
run;
proc sort data=aaasort out=aaa;
by id;
run;
data aaa;
set aaa;
drop id;
run;

1. proc sql;
   
2. create table fmt1 as
   
3. select x, min(obs) as n
   
4. from
   
5. (select x, monotonic() as obs
   
6. from aaa
   
7. where x ne '')
   
8. group by 1
   
9. order by 2;
   
10. quit;
    
11. 
    
12. data fmt2;
    
13. set fmt1;
    
14. label+1;
    
15. rename x=start;
    
16. fmtname="$order";
    
17. type="C";
    
18. run;
    
19. 
    
20. proc format cntlin=fmt2;
    
21. run;
    
22. 
    
23. data wanted;
    
24. set aaa;
    
25. y=input(put(x,$order.),best.);
    
26. run;

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1. proc sql;
   
2.     create table b as select distinct x from  aaa where missing(x)=0;
   
3. quit;
   
4. data b;set b;index=_n_;run;
   
5. proc sql;
   
6. create table a2 as
   
7. select a.x,b.index from aaa as a
   
8. left join b on a.x=b.x;
   
9. quit;

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data aaa;
input x$;
cards;
a
b
a
c
b
c
c
.
;
run;

data dataset1;
      set aaa;
          if x ne '' then rank='1';
          else rank='2';  
run;


proc sql;
      create table dataset2 as
          select distinct *
          from dataset1
      order by rank;
quit;


data dataset3;
      set dataset2;
      y=_n_;
          if x='' then y=.;
          drop rank;
run;
          
data dataset4;
      set aaa;
      rank=_n_;
run;

proc sql;
      create table dataset5 as
          select a.x,b.y
          from dataset4 as a left join dataset3 as b
          on a.x=b.x
      order by rank;
quit;

1. /*综合了大家的答案，并做了一定的简化，一共3种实现方法*/
   
2. data aaa;
   
3. input x$;
   
4. cards;
   
5. a
   
6. b
   
7. a
   
8. c
   
9. b
   
10. c
    
11. c
    
12. .
    
13. ;
    
14. run;
    
15. 
    
16. 
    
17. /*方法1【by】 25 行*/
    
18. data by1;*用于最后一步还原原观测顺序;
    
19. set aaa;
    
20. id=_n_;
    
21. run;
    
22. 
    
23. proc sort data=by1 out=by2;*下一步为同一变量值取相同的值;
    
24. by x;
    
25. run;
    
26. 
    
27. data by3;
    
28. set by2;
    
29. by x;*与上一步对应;
    
30. if missing(x) then y=.;
    
31. else if first.x=1 then y+1;
    
32. output;
    
33. run;
    
34. 
    
35. proc sort data=by3 out=by4;
    
36. by id;*与step1对应;
    
37. run;
    
38. 
    
39. data wanted1;
    
40. set by4;
    
41. drop id;
    
42. run;
    
43. 
    
44. 
    
45. 
    
46. /*方法2【Format Procedure：Proc Format Statement--ctlnin option】：*Creates user-specified formats and informat for variables. 17 行*/
    
47. proc sql;
    
48. create table fmt1 as
    
49. select distinct x
    
50. from aaa
    
51. where x ne '';
    
52. quit;
    
53. 
    
54. data fmt2;/*Input Control dataset:将符合标准的sas数据集（包含固定字段的数据集，所必须的字段名为fmtname，start，label）*/
    
55. set fmt1;
    
56. label+1;
    
57. rename x=start;/*start就是指input值，label就是output的值*/
    
58. fmtname="$order";
    
59. type="C";/*C for character format, N for numeric format, I specifies a numericinformat.J specifies a characterinformat.*/
    
60. run;
    
61. 
    
62. proc format cntlin=fmt2;*cntlin:import control;
    
63. run;
    
64. 
    
65. data wanted2;
    
66. set aaa;
    
67. y=input(put(x,$order.),best.);
    
68. run;
    
69. 
    
70. 
    
71. /*方法3【Proc sql】：14行*/
    
72. proc sql;
    
73.       create table sql1 as
    
74.           select *,monotonic() as y
    
75.           from (select distinct x from aaa)
    
76.           where x ne '';
    
77. quit;/**proc sql中，无_n_，但可使用monotoni():自增函数(sql/data)：The function counts the number of times
    
78.       it is called and returns an ascending sequence of integers, starting at 1*/
    
79.          
    
80. proc sql;
    
81.       create table wanted3 as
    
82.           select a.x,b.y
    
83.           from (select x, monotonic() as rank from aaa) as a left join sql1 as b
    
84.           on a.x=b.x
    
85.       order by rank;
    
86. quit;

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