尊敬的连老师:您好,我目前正在做论文,拟系统GMM方法进行研究,但由于基础不好,现碰到几个问题,特向您求教:
1、系统GMM方法一定是应用于解释变量含有被解释变量的动态面板数据方程吗?我糊涂了,系统GMM究竟是专门用与静态面板数据方程还是动态面板数据方程?还是两者都可以用?
我在阅读张广胜等人(2009)一篇文章时,该文用SYSTEM GMM 方法实证分析FDI 对中国城乡收入不均等程度的直接和间
接影响, 采用面板数据模型建立如下回归方程设定为:
2、我在观看学习你的视频第七章面板数据的系统GMM内容时,我调出B7_Panel\xtcs.dta的数据,用
xtabond命令能够正常运行,但用xtabond2命令时总是不能正常运行,不知道为何?结果出现unrecognized command: xtabond2
3、我准备采用1978-2009年全国29省的资本形成、贷款和存款比例进行系统GMM分析,用gdzb代表资本形成,为被解释变量;dep代表存款比例和loan代表贷款比例,为解释变量。
运用命令:xtabond我2 gdzb l.gdzb dep loan gmm(l.gdzb) iv(dep loan )
输出结果如下:
我知道结果是否合理?因为工具变量为466,而观察数为870,我担心工具变量为何这么多?如何完善使工具变量减少,十分渴望连老师帮我解答!谢谢!!
xtabond2 gdzb l.gdzb dep loan, gmm(l.gdzb) iv(dep loan )
Favoring space over speed. To switch, type or click on mata: mata set matafavor
> speed, perm.
Warning: Number of instruments may be large relative to number of observations.
Dynamic panel-data estimation, one-step system GMM
Group variable: code Number of obs = 870
Time variable : year Number of groups = 29
Number of instruments = 466 Obs per group: min = 30
Wald chi2(3) = 1904.49 avg = 30.00
Prob > chi2 = 0.000 max = 30
gdzb Coef. Std. Err. z P>z [95% Conf. Interval]
gdzb
L1. .7362871 .0208497 35.31 0.000 .6954225 .7771517
dep .095957 .0437479 2.19 0.028 .0102128 .1817013
loan .2812582 .0647256 4.35 0.000 .1543984 .408118
_cons -.6975362 .1899827 -3.67 0.000 -1.069896 -.3251769
Arellano-Bond test for AR(1) in first differences: z = -11.82 Pr > z = 0.000
Arellano-Bond test for AR(2) in first differences: z = -0.96 Pr > z = 0.339
Sargan test of overid. restrictions: chi2(462) = 866.33 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
(Not robust, but not weakened by many instruments.)
Difference-in-Sargan tests of exogeneity of instrument subsets:
GMM instruments for levels
Sargan test excluding group: chi2(433) = 649.98 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(29) = 216.34 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
ivstyle(dep loan)
Sargan test excluding group: chi2(460) = 863.52 Prob > chi2 = 0.000
Difference (null H = exogenous): chi2(2) = 2.81 Prob > chi2 = 0.246
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