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PART ONE
FDI TRENDS, POLICIES AND PROSPECTS
CHAPTER I. GLOBAL TRENDS: FDI FLOWS IN DECLIN
A. THE FINANCIAL CRISIS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURN AND FDI FLOWS
2. The transmission channels of the crisis
3. Key features of the FDI downturn and underlying factor
a. The role of divestments .........
b. Mode of investment
(i) Large decreases in M&As
4. Uneven impact of the crisis on different regions and sectors
a. Geographical patterns
(i) FDI inflows
(ii) FDI outflows
b. Sectoral and industrial patterns of FDI
B. HOW THE LARGEST TNCs ARE COPING WITH THE GLOBAL CRISIS
a. A slowdown of internationalization in 2008
b. The impact of the global crisis on the top 100 TNCs
2. The top 100 TNCs from developing economies
a. A growing role in the world economy
b. The impact of the global crisis on developing-country TNCs
a. Internationalization of the top 50 financial TNCs in 2008
b. The impact of the global crisis on the top 50 financial TNCs
4. Conclusion
C. FDI BY SPECIAL FUNDS
1. Declining FDI by private equity funds
2. FDI by sovereign wealth funds on the rise despite the crisis.
3 FDI by private equity funds and sovereign wealth funds compared
D. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FDI POLICIES .................................................................30
1. Developments at the national level ..................................................................................................30
a. Major policy trends .....................................................................................................................30
b. Policies introduced in response to the financial crisis and their potential impact on FDI ........31
(i) National policy measures .............................................................................................................31
(ii) Policy implications for developing countries ...............................................................................31
2. Developments at the international level...........................................................................................31
a. Bilateral investment treaties ......................................................................................................32
b. Double taxation treaties..............................................................................................................33
c. International investment agreements other than BITs and DTTs ...............................................33
d. Investor-State dispute settlement................................................................................................34
e. International investment agreements and the financial crisis.....................................................34
(i) Investment protectionism and IIAs .............................................................................................35
(ii) Emergency measures in response to the crisis ............................................................................35
E. PROSPECTS .......................................................................................................................36
CHAPTER II. REGIONAL TRENDS..............................................................41
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................41
A. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ...........................................................................................42
1. Africa...............................................................................................................................................42
a. Geographical trends....................................................................................................................42
􀀋􀁌􀀌􀀃􀀃􀀃􀀬􀁑􀁚􀁄􀁕􀁇􀀃􀀩􀀧􀀬􀀝􀀃􀀃􀃀􀁒􀁚􀁖􀀃􀁆􀁒􀁑􀁗􀁌􀁑􀁘􀁈􀁇􀀃􀁗􀁒􀀃􀁕􀁌􀁖􀁈􀀃􀁌􀁑􀀃􀁐􀁒􀁖􀁗􀀃􀁖􀁘􀁅􀁕􀁈􀁊􀁌􀁒􀁑􀁖............................................................42
(ii) Outward FDI: a few countries dominated ..................................................................................46
b. Sectoral analysis: FDI focused on manufacturing.....................................................................46
c. Policy developments...................................................................................................................48
d. Prospects: the global economic slowdown could hurt FDI growth, especially in LDCs ...........49
2. South, East, South-East Asia and Oceania .......................................................................................49
a. Geographical trends....................................................................................................................49
(i) Inward FDI: divergent trends against the backdrop of crisis.......................................................49
(ii) Outward FDI: strong, but falling .................................................................................................52
b. Sectoral trends ............................................................................................................................54
(i) Inward FDI: services and manufacturing continued to be targeted.............................................54
(ii) Outward FDI: resource-seeking FDI rose ...................................................................................55
c. Policy developments...................................................................................................................55
d. Prospects: downturn is looming .................................................................................................56
3. West Asia.........................................................................................................................................56
a. Geographical trends....................................................................................................................57
(i) Inward FDI: 2008 marked six years of growth............................................................................57
(ii) Outward FDI: strong decline, especially to developed countries.................................................58
b. Sectoral trends: manufacturing up..............................................................................................58
c. Policy developments...................................................................................................................60
d. Prospects: fall in inflows, but a possible rise in outflows ..........................................................64
4. Latin America and the Caribbean.....................................................................................................64
C. HOME-COUNTRY POLICIES TO ENCOURAGE OUTWARD FDI IN
D. INTERNATIONAL POLICIES RELATED TO FDI IN AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION..................................................................................................................188
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