ҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌÓýµÄÏÖ×´¼°¶Ô²ß_ҩѧרҵ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
·¢²¼Ê±¼ä£º
2014-11-23
À´Ô´£º
ÈË´ó¾¼ÃÂÛ̳
ҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌÓýµÄÏÖ×´¼°¶Ô²ß_ҩѧרҵ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ
¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿Ñ§£»£»ÏÖ×´£»¶Ô²ß
¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿Ëæ×ÅÉúÎïҽѧģʽÏòÉúÎï--×ÛºÏҽѧģʽµÄÑݱ䣬ҽÁÆì¶ÜÖð²½ÓÉ¡°¼¼ÊõÐÍ¡±Ïò¡°·þÎñÐÍ¡±×ª»¯£¬Ðí¶àеÄҽѧÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâÓ¦Ô˶øÉú£¬Ò½Ñ§Â×Ô½À´Ô½Êܵ½¸÷¹úҽѧ½ÌÓý½çµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£
The medicine ethics education present situation and the countermeasure Liang Xinzong
¡¾Abstract¡¿Synthesizes the medicine pattern along with the biomedicine pattern to the biological-psychology-society the evolution£¬ the medical service is contradictory gradually by ¡°the technology¡± to ¡°the service¡± the transformation£¬ many new medicine ethics question arises at the historic moment£¬ medicine ethics more and more receives the various countries¡¯ medicine educational circles the attention.
¡¾Key words¡¿Medicine ethics£» Education£» Present situation£» Countermeasure
Ëæ×ÅÉúÎïҽѧģʽÏòÉúÎï-ÐÄÀí-Éç»á×ÛºÏҽѧģʽµÄÑݱ䣬ҽÁÆì¶ÜÖð²½ÓÉ¡°¼¼ÊõÐÍ¡±Ïò¡°·þÎñÐÍ¡±×ª»¯£¬Ðí¶àеÄҽѧÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâÓ¦Ô˶øÉú£¬Ò½Ñ§Â×ÀíѧԽÀ´Ô½Êܵ½¸÷¹úҽѧ½ÌÓý½çµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£
1 ҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌѧÏÖ×´
1.1 ÎÒÃDz»Äܲ»ÇåÐѵØÈÏʶµ½£¬ÓëÊÀ½çÉϺܶà¹ú¼ÒÏà±È½Ï£¬ÎÒÃǵÄҽѧÂ×Àí½ÌÓý´ÓÄÚÈݵ½ÐÎʽ£¬´ÓÀíÂÛµ½Êµ¼ù¶¼´æÔÚ×ÅÐí¶àÎÊÌâÓë²»×㡣Ŀǰ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹ú¡¢·¨¹ú¡¢Ó¢¹ú¡¢ÈÕ±¾µÈ¹ú¼ÒÒѾ½øÐÐÁ˶àÄêϵͳÎȶ¨µÄҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½Ìѧ¡£ÔÚÃÀ¹ú¹þ·ð´óѧҽѧԺ¸÷Ä꼶ҽѧÉúÖоù¿ªÉèҽѧÂ×Àíѧ¿Î³Ì£¬²¢½øÐпçѧ¿Æ½Ìѧ¡£½Ìѧ»ù±¾ÉÏΧÈƵ±Ç°Ò½Ñ§ÁìÓòµÄÖصãÈȵãÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâ½øÐУ¬Èçҽѧʵ¼ùÖÐÖªÇéͬÒâ¡¢ÈËÌåʵÑé¡¢ÄÔËÀÍö¡¢Ï¡ÓÐ×ÊÔ´·ÖÅäµÈ¡£¹þ·ð´óѧҽѧԺ¶ÔҽѧÂ×Àíѧ²ÉÈ¡ÒÔÎÊÌâΪ»ù´¡½øÐпçѧ¿ÆµÄ½Ìѧ·½·¨£¬×é֯ѧÉú¶ÔҽѧÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâ´Ó²»Í¬½Ç¶È¡¢²»Í¬Ñ§¿Æ½øÐÐÑо¿ºÍ̽ÌÖ£¬²¢ÑûÇ벻ͬѧ¿ÆµÄר¼Ò²Î¼Ó£¬ÀýÈçÑûÇëҽѧר¼Ò¡¢»ù´¡Ò½Ñ§×¨¼Ò¡¢¼Ò¡¢¼Ò¡¢ÐÄÀíѧ¼Ò¡¢ÐÐΪ¿Æѧ¼ÒµÈ[1]¡£
ÎÒ¹úÔò¶àÒÔ¿ªÉèҽѧÂ×Àíѧ¿ÎÌýÌѧΪÖ÷£¬½øÐÐÆäËû½ÌѧģʽµÄѧУ»¹ºÜÉÙ£¬½Ìѧģʽ»¹ÓдýÍêÉÆ¡£½öÔÚÉÙÊýҽѧԺУµÄҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌѧÖУ¬²ÉÈ¡Á˶ÔÖصãÈȵãÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ£¬¿ÎÌâµ÷ÑеÄÐÎʽ¡£±ÈÈç¹þ¶û±õÒ½¿Æ´óѧ£¬ÆäÔÚÉÏÊÀ¼ÍÄ©ÒѾ¿ªÊ¼²ÉÈ¡ÕâÖÖ¿ÎÌâµ÷ÑÐÌÖÂ۵ĽÌѧÐÎʽ£¬È¡µÃÁËÒ»¶¨µÄ½ÌѧЧ¹û[2]¡£µ«ÊÇÄ¿Ç°¹úÄÚ¶ÔÕâЩģʽ»¹È±·¦ÏµÍ³µÄÑо¿£¬Ò²Ã»ÓкܺõÄÍƹ㡣
1.2 ¶ÔҽѧÂ×ÀíѧÖØÒªÐÔµÄÈÏʶ²»×ã¡£
ҽѧÂ×ÀíѧÔÚҽѧ½ÌÓýÖеĵØλûÓÐÊܵ½Ó¦ÓеÄÖØÊÓ¡£²Åµ¼ÖÂÄ¿Ç°ÎÒ¹úҽѧԺУҽѧÂ×Àíѧ¿ÎʱÑÏÖØÆ«ÉÙµÄÏÖ×´¡£¾Ý²»ÍêÈ«£¬ÎÒ¹ú´ó²¿·ÖҽѧԺУÔÚµÚÎåѧÆÚ¿ªÉèҽѧÂ×Àíѧ»òÔÚ¿ÎÖпªÉèÒ½µÂ¿Î£¬×Ü¿ÎʱԼΪ30ѧʱ£¬²»¼°ÃÀ¹ú¡¢ÈÕ±¾µÈ¹ú¼ÒͬÀà¿Î³Ìѧʱ×ÜÊýµÄ1/5¡£ÔÚÈç´ËÓÐÏÞµÄʱ¼äÄÚ£¬²»´ó¿ÉÄÜÖ¸ÍûѧÉú¶ÔÒ½µÂ·¶³ë¡¢Ò½µÂ¹æ·¶µÈÓнÏΪϵͳµÄÁ˽⣬¸ü̸²»ÉÏΪËûÃÇÌṩ½«ÀíÂÛ¸¶Öîʵ¼ùµÄ»ú»áÁË¡£
2002Äê2Ô£¬¹ú¼Êҽѧ½ÌÓýѧ»á¹«²¼Á˱¾¿Æҽѧ½ÌÓýÈ«Çò×îµÍ»ù±¾ÒªÇ󣬰üÀ¨Ò½Ñ§½ÌÓýµÄ7¸ö»ù±¾·½Ã棺ְҵ¼ÛÖµ¡¢Ì¬¶È¡¢ÐÐΪºÍÂ×Àí£¬Ò½Ñ§¿Æѧ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶£¬ÁÙ´²¼¼ÄÜ£¬¹µÍ¨¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÈºÌ彡¿µºÍÎÀÉúϵͳ£¬ÐÅÏ¢£¬ÅúÅÐÐÔ˼άºÍÑо¿¡£[3]ÕâÒ»±ê×¼²ûÊöÁËҽѧԺУ±ÏÒµÉú±ØÐë¾ß±¸µÄһϵÁлù´¡ºËÐÄÄÜÁ¦£¬´ÓÖпÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬Ò½Ñ§Â×ÀíѧºÍÒ½µÂ½ÌÓýÔÚҽѧÉú×ÛºÏËØÖÊÖÐÕ¼ÓÐÖØÒªµØλ¡£
1.3 ÊÚ¿ÎÐÎʽµ¥µ÷ÊÇÎÒ¹úҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌѧÖÐؽ´ý¸Ä¸ïµÄÓÖÒ»±×¶Ë¡£
ĿǰҽѧÂ×Àíѧ½ÌѧÖÐͨÐеÄÊǵ¥´¿ÓɽÌʦ½²Êڵķ½·¨¡£ÏÞÓÚѧʱ£¬½Ìʦ½ÏÉÙ¿¼ÂÇ£¬Ò²ÎÞ´Ó¿¼ÂÇʵ¼ÊЧ¹û¡£ÕâÖÖ¡°²¼µÀʽ¡±µÄ½Ìѧ·½Ê½£¬ºÜÄÑÒýÆðѧÉú¶ÔҽѧÂ×ÀíѧµÄÐËȤ£¬¸ü²»ÓÃ˵ÕÆÎÕËûÃÇÖÕÉíÖ°ÒµÉúÑĵÄÂ×Àí×¼ÔòÓë¹æ·¶ÁË¡£Óë´ËÐγÉÏÊÃ÷¶ÔÕÕµÄÊÇ£¬ÃÀ¹úҽѧԺ¸ÃÃſγ̵ĽÌѧÐÎʽÏÔµÃÉú¶¯»îÆá£ÆäÖÐ×î³£¼ûµÄÊǸ÷ÖÖÐÎʽµÄÌÖÂÛºÍÒÔ²¡ÀýΪ»ù´¡µÄ½Ìѧģʽ¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄҽѧÂ×Àíѧ¿Î³ÌÔòÖ÷ÒªÓÉÏà¹ØÁÙ´²½ÌÑÐÊҵĽÌÊÚÖ÷½²¼°ÈÃѧÉú²Î¼Ó²¡ÇøµÄÐÎʽÀ´ÓèÒÔʵʩ£¬×¢ÖØÅàÑøѧÉúÅжÏÒ½ÁÆʵ¼ùÖз¢ÉúÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâ¼°·ÖÎö¡¢½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£¼ÓÄôóµÄҽѧÂ×Àíѧ¿Î³Ì´ó¶à²ÉÓð¸Àý½Ìѧ·¨ºÍÒÔÎÊÌâΪ»ù´¡µÄ½Ìѧ·½·¨¡£
1.4 ÈçºÎÈÃҽѧÂ×ÀíѧµÄ½ÌѧÄÚÈݸüϵͳ¡¢¸üÎȶ¨¡¢¸ü¾ßʱ´úÐÔÊÇÒ»¸öؽ´ý½â¾öµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
½üÄêÀ´£¬ÎÒ¹úҽѧÂ×Àí½ÌÓýµÄ½ÌѧÄÚÈÝҲͬÑùÊܵ½ÁËÑϾþµÄÌôÕ½¡£ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬ÈκÎÒ»ÖÖÀíÂÛ»òÂ×Àíѧ˵£¬¶¼ÊÇÓÐÆäÒ»¶¨µÄÉç»á¡¢ÕþÖΡ¢±³¾°¡£Ëæמ¼Ã¸Ä¸ïÔÚÎÒ¹ú³ÇÏçÏà¼ÌÈ¡µÃ¾Þ´ó³É¹¦£¬ÈËÃÇ¿ªÊ¼¶ÔÒ½ÁÆÎÀÉúÐÐÒµÌá³öÁ˸ü¸ß²ã´ÎµÄÒªÇó¡£ÐµÄҽѧģʽҪÇóÒ½ÎñÈËÔ±²»½öÓ¦¾ß±¸¾«Õ¿µÄÒ½Êõ£¬¶øÇÒÒªÇóËûÃÇÄÜ×Ô¾õ×ðÖØÉúÃü¼ÛÖµ£¬ÔÚŬÁ¦Ìá¸ßÈËÃǵÄÉú»îÖÊÁ¿µÄͬʱ£¬»¹ÒªÉîÚÏÂ×Àíѧ¡¢ÐÄÀíѧµÈÈËÎÄ¿Æѧ֪ʶ¡£ËùÒÔÔÓеĽÌѧÄÚÈÝ×ÔÈ»¸ú²»ÉÏʱ´úµÄÐèÒª£¬¶ø¼´Ê¹ÊÇÒѾ¸ü