传统的衰老理论：哪些是有用的？

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摘要翻译：
许多理论被提出来回答关于衰老的两个问题：“我们为什么衰老？”和“我们是如何变老的？”其中，提出了进化理论来解释老龄化的进化优势，认为“为群体利益节约资源”是老龄化的目的。然而，为了节约资源，一个更经济的策略应该是使超过繁殖年龄的个体迅速死亡，而不是使其衰老。生物学理论被提出来确定衰老的原因和生物学过程。然而，一些理论，包括细胞衰老/端粒理论、基因控制理论和发育理论，不幸地忽视了损伤对衰老的影响。自由基理论认为，自由基通过引起内在损伤是衰老的主要原因。然而，即使细胞内自由基引起损伤，它们也只能与部分而不是全部的衰老变化有关。损伤（断层）-积累理论预测，作为内在损伤的断层可以积累并导致老化。然而，事实上，一个未修复的缺陷不可能留在活的有机体中，因为它会破坏组织结构的完整性，导致有机体的迅速失败。这些传统理论对衰老现象的解释都是不完整的。然而，发展理论和损伤（断层）-积累理论更有用，因为它们认识到损伤和发展过程在衰老中的重要性。一些物理理论是有用的，因为它们指出了衰老变化的共同特征，包括复杂性的丧失、熵增加的后果和信息传递的失败。我们需要一个先进的理论，能够把传统理论中所有这些有用的思想都包括在内。
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英文标题：
《Traditional aging theories: which ones are useful?》
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作者：
Jicun Wang-Michelitsch, Thomas Michelitsch (DALEMBERT)
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最新提交年份：
2017
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  Many theories have been proposed to answer two questions on aging: "Why do we age?" and "How do we age?" Among them, evolutionary theories are proposed to interpret the evolutionary advantage of aging, and "saving resources for group benefit" is thought to be the purpose of aging. However for saving resources, a more economic strategy should be to make a rapid death to the individuals who are over the reproduction age rather than to make them aging. Biological theories are proposed to identify the causes and the biological processes of aging. However, some theories including cell senescence/telomere theory, gene-controlling theory, and developmental theory, have unfortunately ignored the influence of damage on aging. Free-radical theory suggests that free radicals by causing intrinsic damage are the main cause of aging. However, even if intracellular free radicals cause injuries, they could be only associated with some but not all of the aging changes. Damage (fault)-accumulation theory predicts that faults as intrinsic damage can accumulate and lead to aging. However, in fact an unrepaired fault could not possibly remain in a living organism, since it can destroy the integrity of tissue structure and cause rapid failure of the organism. These traditional theories are all incomplete on interpreting aging phenomena. Nevertheless, developmental theory and damage (fault)-accumulation theory are more useful, because they have recognized the importance of damage and development process in aging. Some physical theories are useful, because they point out the common characteristics of aging changes, including loss of complexity, consequence of increase of entropy, and failure of information-transmission. An advanced theory, which can include all of these useful ideas in traditional theories, is needed.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.07040

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关键词：Quantitative Evolutionary accumulation Reproduction Interpreting fault 个体 导致 老龄化 有用