China’s Made-in-America Success Story

是 否 +2 论坛币

k人 参与回答

经管之家送您一份

应届毕业生专属福利!

求职就业群

赵安豆老师微信：zhaoandou666

经管之家联合CDA

送您一个全额奖学金名额~ !

立即领取

感谢您参与论坛问题回答

经管之家送您两个论坛币！

+2 论坛币

America’s strategy in Asia for more than acentury has sought a stable balance of power to prevent the rise of any hegemon. Yet the United States, according to itsofficial NationalSecurity Strategy, is also committed to accommodating “the emergence of aChina that is peaceful and prosperous and that cooperates with us to addresscommon challenges and mutual interests.” So America’sAsia policy has in some ways been at war with itself.

In fact, the US has played a key role in China’s rise.For example, rather than sustain trade sanctions against China after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, the US decided instead to integrate thecountry into global institutions. But US foreign policy had been notablefor a China-friendly approach long before that.

In 1905, PresidentTheodore Roosevelt, who hosted the peace conference in Portsmouth,New Hampshire, after the Russo-Japanese War,argued for the return of Manchuria to Manchu-ruled Chinaand for a balance of power in East Asia. Thewar ended up making the USan active participant in China’saffairs.

After the Communistsseized power in China in1949, the USopenly viewed Chinese Communism as benign,and thus distinct from Soviet Communism. And it was after the Communists crushed the pro-democracy movement in 1989 thatthe US helped to turn China into an export juggernautthat has accumulated massive trade surpluses and become the principal source ofcapital flows to the US.

America’s policy toward Communist China has traversedthree stages. In the first phase, Americacourted Mao Zedong’s regime, despite theKorean War, China's annexation of Tibet, and domestic witch hunts, such as the HundredFlowers Campaign. Courtship gave way to estrangement during the second phase,as US policy for much of the1960’s sought to isolate China.

The third phase beganimmediately after the 1969 Sino-Soviet military clashes, with the US actively seeking to exploit the rift in the Communist world by aligning China withits anti-Soviet strategy. Although Chinaclearly instigated the bloody borderclashes, Americasided with Mao’s regime. That helped to laythe groundwork for the China “opening” of 1970-1971,engineered by US National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, who until then hadno knowledge of the country.

Since then, the US has pursued a conscious policy of aiding China’s rise. Indeed, PresidentJimmy Carter sent a memo to various US government departments instructing them tohelp in China’s rise – anapproach that remains in effect today, even as America seeks to hedge against therisk that Chinese power gives rise to arrogance. Indeed, even China’sfiring of missiles into the Taiwan Strait in 1996 did not change US policy. Ifanything, the US has beengradually loosening its close links with Taiwan,with no UScabinet member visiting the island since those missile maneuvers.

Seen in this light, China’s spectacular economic success – includingthe world’s largest trade surplus and foreign-currency reserves – owes much to US policy fromthe 1970’s on.Without the significant expansion in US-Chinese trade and financial relations, China’s growthwould have been much slower and more difficult to sustain.

Alliesof convenience during the second half of the Cold War, the US and China emerged from it as partnerstied by interdependence. Americadepends on China’s tradesurplus and savings to finance its outsizebudget deficits, while Chinarelies on its huge exports to the US to sustain its economic growth andfinance its military modernization. By plowingmore than two-thirds of its mammothforeign-currency reserves into US dollar-denominated assets, China has gained significantpolitical leverage.

China is thus verydifferent from previous USadversaries. America’sinterests are now so closely intertwined with China that a policy to isolate orconfront it is not feasible. Even on the issue of democracy, the USprefers to lecture other dictatorships rather than the world’s largest autocracy.

Yet it is also true thatthe US is uneasy about China’snot-too-hidden aim to dominate Asia – an objectivethat runs counter to US security and commercial interests and to thelarger goal of securing a balance in power in Asia.To avert Chinese dominance, the US has already started to build countervailing influences and partnerships,without making any attempt to contain China.

For the US, China’sgrowing power actually helps to validate its forward military deployments in Asia, maintain existing allies in the region, and win newstrategic partners. Indeed, an increasingly assertive China has proven a diplomatic boon for the US in strengthening and expandingits Asian security relationships.

The lesson is clear:The muscle-flexing rise of a world power canstrengthen the strategic relevance and role of a power in relative decline. Barely a decade ago, the US was beginning to feel marginalized in Asia,owing to several developments, including China’s “charm offensive.” But now America hasreturned firmly to center stage. South Korea has beefedup its military alliance with the US; Japan has backedaway from an effort to persuade the US to move its Marine base out ofOkinawa; Singapore has allowed the US Navy to station ships; Australia ishosting US Marine and other deployments; and India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and thePhilippines, among others, have drawn closer to the US as well.

But no one should have any illusionsabout USpolicy. Despite America’s “pivot” to Asia, it intends to stick to its two-prongedapproach: seek to maintain a balance of power with the help of strategic alliesand partners, while continuing to accommodate a rising China.

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

分享0 收藏0 回帖

关键词：Success America Story China Erica balance mutual policy sought Story

America’s strategy in Asia for more than a century has sought a stable balanceof power to prevent the rise of any hegemon.Yet the United States, according to its official NationalSecurity Strategy, is also committed to accommodating “the emergence of aChina that is peaceful and prosperous and that cooperates with us to addresscommon challenges and mutual interests.” So America’sAsia policy has in some ways been at war with itself.(US's conflicting aim towards China)
In fact, the US hasplayed a key role in China’srise.After the Communists seized power in Chinain 1949, the USopenly viewed Chinese Communism as benign,and thus distinct from Soviet Communism.America’s policy toward CommunistChina has traversed three stages. In thefirst phase, America courted Mao Zedong’s regime. Courtship gave way to estrangement duringthe second phase, as USpolicy for much of the 1960’ssought to isolate China.The third phase began immediately after the 1969 Sino-Soviet militaryclashes, with the USactively seeking to exploit the rift in theCommunist world by aligning China with its anti-Soviet strategy.(the Sino-US relationship in history can be divided into three stage)

Now, Americadepends on China’s tradesurplus and savings to finance its outsizebudget deficits, while Chinarelies on its huge exports to the US to sustain its economic growth andfinance its military modernization. China is thus very differentfrom previous USadversaries. America’sinterests are now so closely intertwined with China that a policy to isolate orconfront it is not feasible.(the current intertwined interest)
Yet it is also true that the USis uneasy about China’snot-too-hidden aim to dominate Asia – an objectivethat runs counter to US security and commercial interests and to thelarger goal of securing a balance in power in Asia.For the US, China’s growing power actually helps to validateits forward military deployments in Asia,maintain existing allies in the region, and win new strategic partners.The lesson is clear: The muscle-flexingrise of a world power can strengthen the strategic relevance and role of apower in relative decline.(rising China will be an excuse for US to pivot back to Asia)
Despite America’s “pivot” to Asia, it intends to stick to its two-prongedapproach: seek to maintain a balance of power with the help of strategic alliesand partners, while continuing to accommodate a rising China.

ｔｈａｎｋｓ