一本很有用的书,希望对读者有所帮助。
以下是目录,后面的数字是页数。
Part I. Pricing of Carbon in Europe
1. Carbon-Energy Taxation, Revenue Recycling,
and Competitiveness 3
Mikael Skou Andersen
1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. The Porter hypothesis on the relationship between
environmental regulation and competitiveness 5
1.3. The double dividend debate 7
1.4. What kind of efficiency are we talking about? 10
1.5. Conventional indicators of competitiveness 11
1.6. The need to account for technology and innovation 14
1.7. Coverage of the book 16
2. Design of Environmental Tax Reforms in Europe 24
Stefan Speck and Jirina Jilkova
2.1. Introduction 24
2.2. Denmark 27
2.3. Finland 32
2.4. Germany 35
2.5. The Netherlands 39
2.6. Slovenia 41
2.7. Sweden 42
2.8. UK 46
2.9. Conclusions 48
Contents
Part II. Industry-Sector Competitiveness
3. Assessing Vulnerability of Selected Sectors under
Environmental Tax Reform: The Issue of Pricing Power 55
John Fitz Gerald, Mary J. Keeney, and Susan Scott
3.1. Introduction 55
3.2. Context 56
3.3. Literature review and price-setting model 59
3.4. Data 62
3.5. Results 63
3.6. Discussion of results by sector 63
3.7. Implications 70
3.8. Summary and conclusions 74
4. Trends in the Competitiveness of Selected Industrial Sectors
in ETR Countries 77
Roger Salmons and Alexandra Miltner
4.1. Introduction 77
4.2. Theoretical assessment of competitiveness indicators 79
4.3. Empirical assessment of competitiveness trends 89
4.4. Conclusions 96
5. The Impact of Energy Taxes on Competitiveness: A Panel
Regression Study of 56 European Industry Sectors 100
Martin K. Enevoldsen, Anders Ryelund, and
Mikael Skou Andersen
5.1. Introduction 100
5.2. Modelling the Porter effects associated with
energy taxes 102
5.3. Data and method 104
5.4. The relation between energy taxes, competitiveness,
and output 108
5.5. Interpretation of results 113
5.6. Conclusions 117
6. Energy-Intensive Industries: Approaches to Mitigation and
Compensation 120
Mikael Skou Andersen and Stefan Speck
6.1. Introduction 120
6.2. Ex-ante mitigation: tax-base modifications and
reductions in tax rates 121
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Contents
6.3. Ex-post compensation: revenue recycling approach 129
6.4. Winners and losers in ETR 130
6.5. Conclusions 140
Part III. Country Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage
7. The Effects of Environmental Tax Reform on
International Competitiveness in the European Union:
Modelling with E3ME 147
Terry Barker, Sudhir Junankar, Hector Pollitt,
and Philip Summerton
7.1. Introduction 147
7.2. Modelling the EU Energy-Environment-Economy
System with E3ME 151
7.3. Processing the COMETR tax data 167
7.4. Scenarios specified to model ETR 177
7.5. Estimation of competitiveness effects 179
7.6. The effects of selected ETRs, using E3ME, 1995–2012 180
8. Carbon Leakage from Unilateral Environmental Tax Reforms
in Europe, 1995–2005 215
Terry Barker, Sudhir Junankar, Hector Pollitt,
and Philip Summerton
8.1. Introduction 215
8.2. The literature on carbon leakage 216
8.3. Modelling carbon leakage 222
8.4. Description of ETR policies and carbon leakage
scenarios 227
8.5. Results 230
8.6. Conclusions 236
Part IV. Implications for Future Climate Policy
9. Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading: Issues and Interactions 241
Paul Ekins
9.1. Introduction 241
9.2. Emissions trading 242
9.3. Competitiveness implications of emissions
trading 243
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Contents
9.4. Carbon taxes and emissions trading 248
9.5. The interactions between taxes and trading 249
9.6. Carbon taxes and emissions trading in the EU 251
10. Conclusions: Europe’s Lessons from Carbon-Energy Taxation 256
Mikael Skou Andersen and Paul Ekins
10.1. Introduction 256
10.2. Avoiding dangerous climate change 257
10.3. Greenhouse gas reductions: the role of carbon-energy
taxation and emissions trading 262
10.4. The economic dimension of the competitiveness debate:
market shares and unit energy costs 265
10.5. The environmental dimension of the competitiveness
debate: carbon leakage 272
10.6. Coping with the dual challenge of GHG stabilization
and international competitiveness 274
Annex 282
Index 304