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Xinhua Weibo Profile: Li Keqiang: a reform-minded premier
English.news.cn | 2013-03-17 14:36:37 | Editor: Tang Danlu
REFORM
Market-oriented reform has been on Li's political agenda. During his investigation tour to Baotou city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in February, Li stressed that "the hand of the market, the government and the people should join together" to unleash greater power of the reform.
Li chaired a seminar on reform six days after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in November.
At the seminar, Li put forward the "reform as dividends" theory. "Reform at present has entered deep water and has to sail in a head tide. We may spare mistakes if we make no endeavor, but we must bear a historical responsibility," he said.
As China's comprehensive national strength keeps building up, the endeavor to square up to conflicts and difficulties ahead and actively advance the reform reflects an ingrained awareness by Chinese people of being prepared for potential dangers and CPC's sense of mission.
Administrative reform became a top priority after the 18th CPC National Congress. The second plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in February endorsed a plan for the institutional reform and functional transformation of the State Council, which was adopted by the National People's Congress (NPC) on Thursday. It was Li who led the drafting team.
Li insisted on cutting down the cabinet departments down to 25 to bring more efficiency. This round of cabinet restructuring is the seventh to take place in China since the country's reform and opening up in the late 1970s. Like any reform of its kind, this round represents a difficult challenge.
A commentary published in Nouvelles d'Europe, a Chinese language newspaper in Europe, said China's institutional restructuring will advance step by step, adding that it is high time for China's new leaders to translate their political courage and intellect into political decision-making.
In mapping out the plan, Li said administrative reform is not merely a reduction in the size of the cabinet, but a reform that prioritizes the transformation of functions. He called for decentralizing power over the market, society and local authorities by decreasing government intervention. Functional transformation is integrated with institutional restructuring in his proposal.
Led by Li, the drafting team carried out field research in multiple sectors, provinces and enterprises. Li presided over seminars to seek expert opinions that could aid in resolving difficult problems.
As vice premier, Li knew well how difficult coordination could become when multiple departments took charge of the same task. Food safety was supervised by a dozen of regulatory bodies, which often led to different regulators passing the buck in terms of doing their duty. Marine surveillance forces were spread among five departments, making them too divided to join hands.
Li has strongly advocated the change of age-old problems in the railway sector, which operated both as administrative agencies and enterprises. He also demanded the integration of departments in food safety and marine sectors with duplicate functions.
He has also pushed to reduce and decentralize government approvals for investment and businesses, as well as cut market access examinations and administrative charges. Since many entrepreneurs complain the business registry procedures are too complicated, Li helps change the system by granting licenses more freely. Entrepreneurs are now allowed to register their companies by agreeing upon registered capital, instead of actual contributions.
While reviewing a price reform plan for coal and electricity, Li approved of its market orientation but believed that it was too characteristic of a planned economy. "Given that all coal is sold at market price, why are there still restrictions on quantity and price? The contracts between enterprises brook no checks from the government. The contract law shall solely apply," he once said.
The plan had to be further revised for adoption. Now the revised version has been implemented, lending a strong push for the coal and electricity reform.
“改革是中国最大红利”
外界认为，完善社会主义市场经济体制，坚持市场化改革，无疑是李克强重要的施政理念。今年初，他在包头市现场调研改革时提出，要把市场的手、政府的手和人民群众的手紧紧握在一起，聚集更大的力量。
中共十八大闭幕后的第６天，李克强就主持召开改革专题座谈会。在这次会上，李克强提出“改革是最大的红利”。他强调：“当前改革进入攻坚期和深水区，改革如逆水行舟，不进则退，不干可能不犯错，但要承担历史责任。”在综合国力稳健提升的今天，正视前进道路上存在的矛盾和困难，主动推进改革，体现出中国人由来已久的忧患精神和中国共产党人的使命感。
十八大以后推进的第一项重大改革就是行政体制改革。李克强作为《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》文件起草组组长，力主将国务院组成部门缩减到２５个。精简高效，体现出李克强的行事风格。改革要从自身做起，但“割自己的肉”谈何容易，以致每一次机构改革都是一场艰苦的革命，都会遇到诸多阻力和风险，这次改革也不例外。
《欧洲时报》的评论文章指出，中国机构改革将稳中求变，新一届中国领导人将政治勇气和智慧转化为政治决策，释放改革红利，正逢其时。
在研究机构改革方案之初，李克强就明确提出，改革不是简单地减少机构数量，而是要把职能转变放在更加突出的位置。该由市场做的要多放给市场，社会能办好的就交给社会，政府减少对微观事务的干预。正是出于这些理念，这次改革方案与以往不同，第一次将机构改革和职能转变在方案名称中并列。
在李克强领导下，文件起草组深入部门、地方、企业，开展大量调查研究，多次召开座谈会，广泛吸收专家意见，专题研究、协调重点难点问题。
在国务院工作期间，李克强深感多个部门管一件事程序之繁、协调之难。食品工业的产业链从田间延伸到餐桌，有十多个部门监管，责任往往难以划清。海上执法涉及多个部门，维权力量分散，常被称为“五龙治海”。李克强力主创新变革，改变铁路长期政企不分的状况，整合食品药品、海洋等管理机构，优化一些职能交叉的管理机构，使一些延续多年的问题开始得到解决。
企业创业创新是李克强高度关注的事。在这次机构改革中，他力推减少和下放投资审批事项，减少和下放生产经营活动审批事项，减少资质资格许可和认定，减少行政事业性收费。很多人反映企业工商登记繁琐，李克强下决心改革，将“先证后照”改为“先照后证”，将注册资本实缴登记制改为认缴登记制。工商业者拍手称快。
李克强很关心电煤市场化改革的推进。去年四季度，有关方面报送电煤并轨方案。李克强看后指出，方案中市场化改革的原则很好，但具体措施中还存在计划色彩。既然都并轨为市场煤，为什么还要对数量和价格作许多限制？这一方案被退回重新制定，修改完善后已出台，有力地推动了电煤改革。
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