楼主: ljzwwhu
3902 16

价值理论有多大用处? [推广有奖]

11
hohai_abc 发表于 2009-12-19 15:23:11 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
我就知道有人要用投资的事情来说价值,因为在现代西方,价值概念出现最多的就是财务投资领域,但在西方经济学中,除了经济史部分,你不会见到价值概念。

我已经指出了你的逻辑问题了,西方经济学不提的话就能证明他没用么?

巴菲特,哈哈,他所关注的正是我说的fundamental value,他是价值投资理念的信奉者。需要指出的是,巴菲特选股票不是关注竞争力很强的企业,这点误解说明你对金融投资领域的价值投资理念完全不理解。巴菲特历史上并购的企业案例,基本上都是很差,不是那种非常有活力的公司,按照你说的就是竞争力很差的企业。但是这些企业竞争力差是因为经营管理不善,企业策略不对造成的。巴菲特的做法是用很低的价格买下这个企业,然后用几年时间把它经营成一个非常优秀的企业,大幅提升其fundamental value,然后卖出,大赚一笔。

在这个问题上,据我所知,巴菲特购买的都是优质公司,而且他也不会自己打理,他很多情况下恰恰是看好经营者的才能才购买的,这个论坛上读过关于巴菲特的书的人应该不少。而且巴菲特好像并没有如你所言,大赚一笔就抛掉股票,他不还是大笔的持有可口可乐和富国银行么?说话做事要有根据的,不能信口雌黄。

马克思的价值理论有没有用?我并没有说“没有用”,只是说,“觉得没有用是正常的”。不是我妄言,现在研究马克思资本论的人,有多少能清楚地指出劳动价值论成立的假设有哪些?这版上不是有很多人说劳动价值论是正确的嘛,那你们能不能说说,劳动价值论什么时候会得出错误的结论?不知道什么时候会错,就说明不知道什么时候会正确,也不知道正确的时候为什么会正确。

这个问题已经有网友问过了,索然也给了明确的回答,马克思说商品的交换价值决定于社会必要劳动时间,这一结论的得出前提是在自由竞争的市场里,这在资本论的序言里有指出,马克思明确的说资本论的研究对象就是当时资本主义发育最完善的英国。

劳动价值论表达的是人们评价商品的价值决定于生产这件商品付出的劳动,而不是它的使用价值(效用),而不能理解为人类劳动创造了所有价值。打个比方,我们种田,有人类劳动,和土地阳光,这些因素结合在一起产出大米,这个大米就是填饱肚子这个使用价值的承载物,那么可以知道这个大米是人类劳动和土地阳光共同创造的,但是我们评价大米的价值的时候却只计量人类劳动那部分,这就是劳动价值论的核心。这就是明显区别于西方效用理论的地方,他们看到的是商品的使用价值,而不是人类劳动。

不要告诉我永远正确,放之四海而皆准,除非你认为马克思的资本论是一本神学著作。

已经给出了成立范围,有的人的确把马克思当成一种宗教了,但这些人大多是不懂马克思的人。资本论中对商品交换过程中是以生产商品耗费劳动量作为交换双方评价基础的证明,马克思已经论述得很详细了,我也有普及版,不明白的,可以去看看,中间对使用价值(效用)的不可比性做了充分说明。

worth和value的区别,我没有区分过,你不妨指点我一下。

这个请直接参考金山词霸了。

水和钻石之谜,劳动价值论要能解释,你就是马克思的真正衣钵继承者。声称能在马克思框架下解释的人,估计是不知道马克思理论的假设是什么。

我重开了帖子  http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/thread ... ead-655605-1-1.html[/url]

廉价鞋子问题,劳动密集型产业啊,按照道理是价值密集型产品啊,为何价格更低呢?当理论和现实发生矛盾时,到底怎么办呢?哈哈,你正好可以对此深入思考一下。

鞋子廉价出口,我已经从制鞋过程中被省略的劳动——治理污染解说过了,我不知道谁应该深思,也许不是你,也不是我,而是当权者。这句话你的逻辑又有问题了,劳动密集型是相对于知识密集型技术密集型而言的,是生产力低下的代名词,怎么会扯到什么价值密集型啊?鞋子出口价格低归根到底一个是省略了一些必要的劳动,这些劳动不能反映到价格上,还有就是劳动力价格低廉,这是世人皆知的事情了。
所以用西方的效用理论来看,我们出口还是合算的,至少换到了外汇和保证了就业。而劳动价值论却要求企业依靠提升技术水平来减少劳动量,以真正的实现物美价廉,这样才是真正具有竞争力。

使用道具

12
weecheung 发表于 2012-12-17 15:24:50 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
怎么解释和统一现实呢?

使用道具

13
langbo5011 发表于 2012-12-22 18:49:22 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
      价值是经济学的种子,价值关系是经济学的植株。只有在价值概念出现以后,自然经济的生产方式才有可能进化为商品经济的生产方式,分散的私人劳动的小生产才有可能进化为相互为他人的大生产。价值理论是劳动平等的学说,正是价值概念的出现,才让人性的平等找到了一种更有效更合理的劳动尺度。由于价值概念能体现劳动平等的意识,人类才能真正地产生平等意识。缺乏个体意识的人屈从于人的等级意识,树立主体意识的人才具有劳动平等的观念。满足需求平等的效用尺度是人性平等的自然尺度,注重收支平衡的价值尺度是人性平等的社会尺度,也是人性中较经济较合理的尺度。“商品是天然的平等派”,(103)价值概念就是劳动平等的尺度。“价值表现的秘密,即一切劳动由于而且只是由于都是一般人类劳动而具有的等同性和同等意义,只有在人类平等概念已经成为国民的牢固成见的时候,才能揭示出来。”(75)可以毫不夸张地讲,是价值概念的出现才让人类找到了计量平等的手段,找到评价人性平等的经济尺度。价值的出现能让各自独立的私人劳动者建立起一种相互合作的劳动关系,建立起一种社会化的生产关系,建立了一种大生产的生产方式,建立了一种社会性的价值关系,最后建立了一种商品经济的社会分工体制。这一体制用私人利益的斤斤计较去刺激生产的效率,用价值的计量去核算生产的成本,用有偿的双向交换去补充生产的消耗,用利润的追逐去扩大再生产,用市场的普及去实现社会化的消费,用独立计量利益的价值关系形成一个能自觉能量守衡的价值社会。
   
    从价值概念到价值关系,社会主义与资本主义同样处在价值社会。
    社会主义失误的原因是过早地去消除价值关系,社会主义迷茫的原因是对价值关系的误读。作为价值载体的商品仍是社会主义财富的主要形式,具有交换功能的价值媒介仍是社会主义劳动的阳关大道,作为劳动平等的价值关系仍是社会主义公民的主要处事方式(人情网抵不过价值关系网),作为价值追求的私欲也仍是大多数人的主要价值观。ZF不该尽求所有的人都能全心全意地为人民服务,而应普及人人为我后的我为人人的有偿平等服务意识。不能把社会主义的价值观仅仅看做是一种道德体系,而应像资本主义的价值观一样也看成是一种建立在经济关系之上的上层建筑。其实,社会主义的价值体系应该包含理性私欲和资产阶级法权意识这两种生产关系的成分。你看,发达国家公民的理性人道德经常表现的优于社会主义集体人道德,资本主义的价值文明也经常表现的优于社会主义的集体文明。其实,对称的价值观体系要优于单独张扬的道德生产体系。有些人说,改革让我们的道德后退。其实是,改革让我们的道德适应了经济体制。看来,社会主义经济改革的本质是在恢复被我们过早破坏了的价值关系,并通过市场竞争去调动私欲对发展生产力的积极性。
    价值社会是人类必须经历的一个过程,而这一过程只有在经济和道德都成熟后才能结束。计划经济是妄想超越这一过程的错误做法,市场经济是梦想破灭后的一次补课。重树价值关系在社会主义的重要地位,承认价值关系对社会的基础功能,把价值关系作为联合社会劳动的经济杠杆,把价值刺激作为调动生产积极性的重要方式。只有当属于私有化的价值社会发育成熟后,无价值关系公有化的共产主义才有可能实现,各自独立的自由人才能发展成个性全面的社会人。

使用道具

14
jianyangtech 发表于 2013-1-6 22:05:41 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
zerana 发表于 2009-12-19 11:12
觉得没用是正常的,因为价值理论所能解释的一切经济现象,都可以用价格理论来解释。价值理论不能解释的现象 ...
这是个懂行的

使用道具

15
jianyangtech 发表于 2013-1-6 22:11:27 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
zerana 发表于 2009-12-19 14:16
我记得没错的话,马克思对价值的表述好像用的单词是worth 而不是value。而且你的理论也是很奇怪的,如果 ...
跟…………相比,你可真有娱乐精神的

使用道具

16
loveorange 发表于 2013-1-7 13:48:36 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
In neoclassical economics, the value of an object or service is often seen as nothing but the price it would bring in an open and competitive market. This is determined primarily by the demand for the object relative to supply. Many neoclassical economic theories equate the value of a commodity with its price, whether the market is competitive or not. As such, everything is seen as a commodity and if there is no market to set a price then there is no economic value.

In classical economics, the value of an object or condition is the amount of discomfort/labor saved through the consumption or use of an object or condition (Labor Theory of Value). Though exchange value is recognized, economic value is not, in theory, dependent on the existence of a market and price and value are not seen as equal. This is complicated, however, by the efforts of classical economists to connect price and labor value. Karl Marx, for one, saw exchange value as the "form of appearance" [Erscheinungsform] of value, which implies that, although value is separate from exchange value, it is meaningless without the act of exchange, i.e., without a market.

In this tradition, Steve Keen makes the claim that "value" refers to "the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal ('equilibrium') ratio at which two commodities exchange."[1] To Keen and the tradition of David Ricardo, this corresponds to the classical concept of long-run cost-determined prices, what Adam Smith called "natural prices" and Karl Marx called "prices of production." It is part of a cost-of-production theory of value and price. Ricardo, but not Keen, used a "labor theory of price" in which a commodity's "innate worth" was the amount of labor needed to produce it.

"The value of a thing in any given time and place", according to Henry George, "is the largest amount of exertion that anyone will render in exchange for it. But as men always seek to gratify their desires with the least exertion this is the lowest amount for which a similar thing can otherwise be obtained." [2]

In another classical tradition, Marx distinguished between the "value in use" (use-value, what a commodity provides to its buyer), "value" (the socially-necessary labour time it embodies), and "exchange value" (how much labor-time the sale of the commodity can claim, Smith's "labor commanded" value). By most interpretations of his labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices. Others see values as part of his sociopolitical interpretation and critique of capitalism and other societies, and deny that it was intended to serve as a category of economics. According to a third interpretation, Marx aimed for a theory of the dynamics of price formation, but did not complete it.

In 1860, John Ruskin published a critique of the economic concept of value from a moral point of view. He entitled the volume Unto This Last, and his central point was this: "It is impossible to conclude, of any given mass of acquired wealth, merely by the fact of its existence, whether it signifies good or evil to the nation in the midst of which it exists. Its real value depends on the moral sign attached to it, just as strictly as that of a mathematical quantity depends on the algebraic sign attached to it. Any given accumulation of commercial wealth may be indicative, on the one hand, of faithful industries, progressive energies, and productive ingenuities: or, on the other, it may be indicative of mortal luxury, merciless tyranny, ruinous chicanery." Gandhi was greatly inspired by Ruskin's book and published a paraphrase of it in 1908.

Economists such as Ludwig von Mises asserted that "value," meaning exchange value, was always the result of subjective value judgements. There was no price of objects or things that could be determined without taking these judgements into account, as manifested by markets. Thus, it was false to say that the economic value of a good was equal to what it cost to produce or to its current replacement cost.

Value in the most basic sense can be referred to as "Real Value" or "Actual Value." This is the measure of worth that is based purely on the utility derived from the consumption of a product or service. Utility derived value allows products or services to be measured on outcome instead of demand or supply theories that have the inherent ability to be manipulated. Illustration: The real value of a book sold to a student who pays $50.00 at the cash register for the text and who earns no additional income from reading the book is essentially zero. However; the real value of the same text purchased in a thrift shop at a price of $0.25 and provides the reader with an insight that allows him or her to earn $100,000.00 in additional income is $100,000.00 or the extended lifetime value earned by the consumer. This is value calculated by actual measurements of ROI instead of production input and or demand vs. supply. No single unit has a fixed value. Value is intrinsically related to the worth derived by the consumer. [Burke(2005)].

使用道具

17
mayongjun021 发表于 2013-1-7 14:19:52 |只看作者 |坛友微信交流群
怎么没用?你写一篇价值问题的论文给我,我给你一块钱硬币。你不就用“价值”赚了一块钱?
如果你觉得这“用处”太小就算了。

使用道具

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 我要注册

本版微信群
加JingGuanBbs
拉您进交流群

京ICP备16021002-2号 京B2-20170662号 京公网安备 11010802022788号 论坛法律顾问:王进律师 知识产权保护声明   免责及隐私声明

GMT+8, 2024-5-1 15:05