世界经济自由指数(EFW)(来自FRAZER研究所,包括141个 国家1970-2009年的数据),测度各国制度质量的重要数据。详细指标如下:
Area1: Size of Government: Expenditures, Taxes, and Enterprises
Generalgovernment consumption spending |
Transfersand subsidies as a percentage of GDP |
Governmententerprises and investment |
Topmarginal tax rate |
Area 2: Legal Structure and Security of Property Rights
A | Judicialindependence (GCR) | ||
B | Impartialcourts (GCR) | ||
C | Protectionof property rights (GCR) | ||
D | Militaryinterference in rule of law and the political process (CRG) | ||
E | Integrityof the legal system (CRG) | ||
F | Legalenforcement of contracts (DB) | ||
G | Regulatoryrestrictions on the sale of real property (DB) | ||
Area3: Access to Sound Money
MoneyGrowth |
Standarddeviation of inflation |
Inflation:Most recent year |
Freedomto own foreign currency bank accounts |
Area4: Freedom to Trade Internationally
Taxeson international trade | |||
| Internationaltrade tax revenues (% of trade sector) | ||
| Meantariff rate | ||
| Standarddeviation of tariff rates | ||
RegulatoryTrade Barriers | |||
| Non-tarifftrade barriers (GCR) | ||
| Compliancecost of importing and exporting (DB) | ||
Sizeof the trade sector relative to expected | |||
Black-marketexchange rates | |||
Internationalcapital market controls | |||
| Foreignownership/investment restrictions (GCR) | ||
| Capitalcontrols | ||
Area5: Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business
Creditmarket regulations | |||||
| Ownershipof banks | ||||
| Foreignbank competition | ||||
| Privatesector credit | ||||
| Interestrate controls/Negative real interest rates | ||||
Labormarket regulations | |||||
| Minimumwage (DB) | ||||
| Hiringand firing regulations (GCR) | ||||
| Centralizedcollective bargaining (GCR) | ||||
| Mandatedcost of hiring (DB) | ||||
| Mandatedcost of worker dismissal (DB) | ||||
| Conscription | ||||
BusinessRegulations | |||||
| Pricecontrols | ||||
| Administrativerequirements (GCR) | ||||
| Bureaucracycosts (GCR) | ||||
| Startinga business (DB) | ||||
| Extrapayments/Bribes/Favoritism (GCR) | ||||
| Licensingrestrictions (DB) | ||||
| Costof tax compliance (DB) | ||||
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