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摘要翻译：
监管通常被视为创业的障碍，但很少探讨监管效果的异质性。我们通过发展一个等级制度相互依赖的理论，着重于国家一级法规效果的区域差异。运用维护市场的联邦主义的政治学理论，我们认为区域经济自由减弱了国家管制对净就业创造的负面影响。利用美国的数据，我们发现管制破坏了网络就业，但区域经济自由缓和了这种影响。在经济自由度一般的地区，每增加1%的监管，净创造的就业机会就会减少14个。然而，经济自由度的标准差增加会减少四个工作岗位，从而削弱这种关系。有趣的是，这种节制严格适用于较老的公司；监管通常会损害年轻企业创造就业机会，而经济自由并不会削弱这种关系。
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英文标题：
《The Interdependence of Hierarchical Institutions: Federal Regulation,
Job Creation, and the Moderating Effect of State Economic Freedom》
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作者：
David S. Lucas and Christopher J. Boudreaux
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最新提交年份：
2019
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分类信息：
一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
Regulation is commonly viewed as a hindrance to entrepreneurship, but heterogeneity in the effects of regulation is rarely explored. We focus on regional variation in the effects of national-level regulations by developing a theory of hierarchical institutional interdependence. Using the political science theory of market-preserving federalism, we argue that regional economic freedom attenuates the negative influence of national regulation on net job creation. Using U.S. data, we find that regulation destroys jobs on net, but regional economic freedom moderates this effect. In regions with average economic freedom, a one percent increase in regulation results in 14 fewer jobs created on net. However, a standard deviation increase in economic freedom attenuates this relationship by four fewer jobs. Interestingly, this moderation accrues strictly to older firms; regulation usually harms young firm job creation, and economic freedom does not attenuate this relationship.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.02924
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