20120504 Follow Me 357 Locking cities into low-carbon growth

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Locking cities into low-carbon growth
Updated: 2012-05-04 08:05
By Klaus Rohland (China Daily)
In the past few decades, China's cities have played a remarkable role in driving the country's economic transformation. With an estimated increase of 350 million urban residents over the next 20 years, the time is ripe to look forward, to examine how cities can contribute to resolving China's key development challenges.  

Among them, conserving energy, reducing carbon emissions, and managing rapid urbanization have become increasingly urgent. Worldwide, cities account for an estimated 70 percent of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, and China's cities are no exception. The Chinese government is seeking to reduce carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 17 percent, a target set for the first time in its 12th Five Year Plan (2011-15).  

The good news is that if China's cities embark on a low-carbon growth path, they can help the country reach its emissions target while improving the quality of life for its citizens. By providing better public services to relieve problems such as air pollution and traffic congestion, cities can become more livable, efficient, competitive, and ultimately sustainable.  

Some Chinese cities are already implementing pilot programs and policies that can be the basis for low carbon growth. In Kunming, for example, the city's significant investment in urban rail has the potential to achieve compact and cleaner city development. In Tianjin, a new state-of-the-art landfill gas collection system captures methane and other gases, such as carbon dioxide and non-methane organic compounds, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and producing electricity.  

The World Bank has supported these initiatives working in partnership with cities and provinces, but more can be done to share these experiences with other cities across China. A recent report released by the World Bank, "Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China - Directions in Development", presents the lessons learned from many examples of low-carbon city development in China, complemented by international case studies.  

According to the report, China's cities will need to act on multiple fronts. Actions which affect land-use are among the most critical, to avoid getting "locked-in" to a high-carbon growth path. As cities grow, it becomes almost impossible to change the layout of buildings and infrastructure or very costly to modify. The shape of urban development today will determine a city's carbon emissions for many years to come, underscoring the need to get urbanization right the first time.  

The report makes five overarching policy recommendations that can set the stage for cities to act: setting the right evaluation indicators for city leaders to provide incentives for low-carbon growth; complementing a functioning system of administrative mechanisms that influence behavior and energy use with greater reliance on market-based approaches, such as allowing resource prices to reflect full cost; breaking the strong and counterproductive link between land use, municipal financing and urban sprawl; identifying mechanisms that would promote more cooperation between sectors and across jurisdictions; and balance mitigation and adaptation measures.  

Development challenges in each sector, particularly those related to energy, transport and water and waste management services also need to be addressed. Cities need energy-efficient buildings and industries. They need a transport system that offers credible alternatives to automobiles. They need to shift to efficient management of water, wastewater, and solid waste. And they need to incorporate responses to climate change in their planning, investment decisions, and emergency-preparedness plans.  

The complex challenges facing China's cities require a comprehensive approach, with coordinated action from different levels of government as well as civil society. China's own experience complemented by international experience can help to inform these efforts.  

China's cities have an opportunity and the ability to integrate sustainable low-carbon development in their growth, which will help promote sustainable urbanization as well as improve the air quality and urban livability.  

The expected decade of rapid expansion presents an opportunity for China's cities: they can change their course of action now, or in 20 years, when they are already locked-in to a high-carbon development path. The choice is clear.  

The author is World Bank country director for China.

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关键词：locking Growth Cities Carbon follow rapid next economic increase managing

低碳社会每个ZF都在整，怎么整 ，靠指标 ？还得等一段时间哦

Hope that one day, houses have the functions of absorbing solar energy and filtering and reserving rain water, to make full usage of the natural resources. And most of the work can be done in home with flexible time system, alleviating transportation pressure.

低碳城市的建设是一个艰巨的过程。低碳城市要求低碳环保的出行方式，要求城市大力发展公共交通，尽量减少私家车的出行。低碳城市也要求低碳环保的城市建设，房屋的建造要达到一定的保温要求。低碳城市还要有低碳环保的能源消费，发展天然气清洁能源的推广。

Auto mobiles, air conditioners, factories, large population are key sources of greenhouse gas. Every developed country had come through part of, or all of, these.

It is s history trend,or,our earth would be not a hormony home.

It is at least a good trend for the country and people living in cities. Pollution can also be reduced with the trend for low-carbon. Beijing is gonna make more city forests so as to improve environment. I am waiting to see that and other changes that go with the global trend!

In the past few decades, China's cities have played a remarkable role in driving the country's economic transformation. With an estimated increase of 350 million urban residents over the next 20 years, the time is ripe to look forward, to examine how cities can contribute to resolving China's key development challenges.  
在过去几十年里，中国的城市对国家的经济转型起了显著的推动作用。随着城镇居民人数在未来20年预计将增加3500万，检验城市如何解决中国重点的关键问题的时机已经成熟。Among them, conserving energy, reducing carbon emissions, and managing rapid urbanization have become increasingly urgent. Worldwide, cities account for an estimated 70 percent of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, and China's cities are no exception. The Chinese government is seeking to reduce carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 17 percent, a target set for the first time in its 12th Five Year Plan (2011-15).  
其中节约能源，减少二氧化碳排放量，并控制城市化的快速发展的任务已日益迫切。据估计,在世界范围内，城市占有全球温室气体的相关能源排放量的70%，中国的城市也不例外。中国官方首次在十二五年归划（2011-2015）设定单位GDP的碳排放量降低17％的目标。
The good news is that if China's cities embark on a low-carbon growth path, they can help the country reach its emissions target while improving the quality of life for its citizens. By providing better public services to relieve problems such as air pollution and traffic congestion, cities can become more livable, efficient, competitive, and ultimately sustainable.  
好消息是如果中国的城市走低碳的经济增长路线，这可以帮助该国实现其减排的目标，同时改善其公民的生活质量。通过提供更好的公共服务，从而减轻了空气污染和交通拥堵等问题，城市变得更适宜居住，更高效，更具有竞争力，最终实现可持续发展。

We hope to live in low-carbon environment, but there are many cars in the street.

     在过去的几十年间，中国的城市已经在驱动中国经济转型中起到显著作用。粗略估计在未来20年，城市居民将增加3.5亿，展望未来的时机已经成熟，需要审视城市如何为解决中国发展的关键挑战做贡献。
     在这些关键挑战中，节能，减少碳排放和管理快速的城市化已经变得越来越急切。从全球看，城市大致占据全球能源相关的温室气体排放的70%，中国的城市也不例外。中国政府正在寻求使每单位GDP的碳排放减少17%，作为一个首次设定的目标出现中国的十二五规划中。
     好消息是如果中国的城市踏上低碳增长的道路，它们在改善城市居民的生活质量的同时，能够帮助中国达到它的排放目标。通过提供更好的公共服务来缓解如空气污染和交通拥堵这些问题，城市能变得更宜居，有效率的，有竞争力的，最大极限的可持续。
一些中国城市已经实施了试点项目和能作为低碳增长基础的政策。举例来说，在昆明，市域铁路的重点投资有望达到稳固的，更清洁的城市发展。在天津，一个最先进的垃圾填埋气体收集系统收集甲烷和其他气体，如二氧化碳和非甲烷有机化合物，减少了温室气体排放并产电。
    世界银行已经通过和城市和省份建立合作关系来支持这些行动，但是更多能做的是与其他的中国城市分享经验，最近世界银行发布的一项报告《中国低碳城市的可持续发展》，展示了从许多中国低碳城市发展例子中吸取的教训，并补充了国际案例。