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<p>小弟最近在做一个课题。其中分析劳动力成本上升时，我想用利用收入替代效应表现生产函数中公司对captial & labour之间的权衡取舍，但是微经当初没学好，平狄克的书上只有价格下跌时的图表模型。自己半分析半猜地画了一个出来，希望达人给与提示，如有错误欢迎指正。（见下图） <br/></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;">结合生产函数<span lang="EN-US">q=F(K,L)</span>与商品的替代与收入效应</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">劳动力成本上升的情况</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;">。</span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果把用人单位看作是劳动力（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">L</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）与资本（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">K</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）两者的消费者。假设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>2</sub></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">分别代表用人单位的两条无差异曲线，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RS</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">代表原始预算线，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">代表劳动力成本增加后的预算线。两种商品分别为劳动力（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">L</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）和资本（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">K</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），并设它们都是正常品。点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RS</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的切点，点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>2</sub></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的切点，点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">D</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平行线与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的交点。见附件</span></span></font></p><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt;">从两方面来看，首先由于生产要素的替代效应，用人单位会相应减少对<span lang="EN-US">L</span>的投入而增大<span lang="EN-US">K</span>的投入<span lang="EN-US">(</span>该效应可由线段<span lang="EN-US">F<sub>1</sub>E</span>表示<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，其结果就是社会总劳动力资本投入减少。其次，由于劳动力成本增长的收入效应，用人单位用于投入生产的总投入相对下降<span lang="EN-US">(</span>该效应可由线段<span lang="EN-US">E F<sub>2</sub></span>表示<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。从而导致社会总产出（<span lang="EN-US">q</span>）的下降。</span></p></span></span></font>

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-2-4 11:08:01编辑过]

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关键词：收入效应 劳动力成本上升 Captial Labour 劳动力成本 价格下跌 用人单位 消费者 劳动力 成本

希望大家看帖回帖，留下宝贵意见。。。

谢谢

见高鸿业西方经济学微观部分就清楚了

顶

我有些没看太明白...

你画的那两条"预算线"不应该叫做"等成本线"么?

"无差异曲线"不应该是"等产量曲线"吗?

你在用效用论里面的替代效应来解释生产要素市场上两种要素的变动的相互替代对产量的影响,

不就是生产论中的"边际技术替代率"吗?

嗯...很久没复习微观了,所以具体我也不太清楚了...

5楼说的不错，请问小弟分析的对不对?

过程分析得不错

生产论部分好像没有替代效应与收入效应之说吧？替代效应与收入效应好像都只用来分析个人所获得的效用的。印象中在消费者均衡和生产要素供给部分才涉及。

我认为只要存在两种或以上的资源的权衡就必然会产生替代效应的吧？例如劳动力成本上升理性企业必然会减少劳动力投入而相应增加资本投入。

至于收入效应应该更加可行，资源的相对成本下降导致需求的增加不就是市场机制的本质吗？所以我认为在生产要素市场上这应该也成立

貌似在高鸿业的书（高鸿业研究生微观）上分别被解释为“产出效应”和“替代效应”