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【数据库】SQL复习练习汇总
1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；
1查出001的成绩表A，2再查出002的成绩B，3关联AB，查出A表中成绩大于B表的S#。
select A.S# from
(select S#,score from SC
where Sc.C#=001) A
left join
(select S#,score from SC
where Sc.C#=002) B
on A.S#=B.S#
2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；
一 用having //这里出错，我直接写avgscore>60，应该写成avg(SC.score)>60
select S#,avg(score) from sc group by S# having avg(score) >60;
二 用嵌套
select * from (select S#,AVG(score)as avgscore from SC group by S#) a
where a.avgscore>60
3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；
表：student，CS
select Student.S#,Sname,count(SC.S#),sum(SC.score) from Student left join SC
on Student.S#=Sc.S#
group by Student.S#,Sname
--group by Student.S#,Sname,SC.S#,SC.score PS:聚集函数默认group by了，后面可以不写
4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；
select count(T#)
from Teacher
where Tname like '李%'
PS 这种情况是索引是有效的，但%李，则索引无效。
5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；
一 in/not in
1联接查找学过“叶平”课的学生id,2你懂的
select S#,Sname from
Student
where S# not in
(
select S# from SC
left join Course
on SC.C#=Course.C#
left join Teacher
on Course.T#=Teacher.T#
where Teacher.Tname = '叶平'
)
二 exists
select S#,Sname from
Student A
where not exists (
select S# from SC
left join Course
on SC.C#=Course.C#
left join Teacher
on Course.T#=Teacher.T#
where Teacher.Tname = '叶平'
and A.S#=SC.S#
)
in类查询可以改写为exists类查询
exists类查询性能比in高（原理不明，拿来主义）。
6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；
自身连接
select S.S#,S.Sname
from Student S
left join SC A on A.S#=S.S#
left join SC B on B.S#=S.S#
where
A.C#=1
and B.C#=2
子查询 001的表，002表，不为空
这里复习一个join的区别
select A.S# from
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=001) A
left join
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=002) B
on A.S#=B.S#
where B.S# is not null
等价
select A.S# from
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=001) A
inner join
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=002) B
on A.S#=B.S#
好了，继续
select S#,Sname
from Student S
where S# in(
select A.S# from
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=001) A
inner join
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=002) B
on A.S#=B.S#
)
也可以转为exists，自已试试
select S#,Sname
from Student S
where exists(
select A.S# from
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=001) A
inner join
(select S# from SC
where Sc.C#=002) B
on A.S#=B.S#
where S.S#=A.S#
)
这是文档里的答案
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S#
相当于一个内连接
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'
and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002');
7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；
1查询叶平老师所教的课程总数a
select count(Course.C#)
from Teacher,Course
where Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
写多了连接，换这种写法
2每个学生学“叶平”老师的总数b
Select SC.S#,count(Course.T#)
from SC,Course,Teacher
where SC.C#=Course.C#
and Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
group by SC.S#
3以a=b作为条件查询
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in
(select S# from
(
Select SC.S#,count(Course.T#) as Ccount
from SC,Course,Teacher
where SC.C#=Course.C#
and Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
group by SC.S#
)A
where A.Ccount=(select count(Course.C#)
from Teacher,Course
where Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平')
)
这么写有点太难看了……
这是文档答案,他是用having筛选的。
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in
(select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher
where SC.C#=Course.C#
and Teacher.T#=Course.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
group by S#
having count(SC.C#)=
(select count(C#) from
Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平'
)
);
8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；
1子查询连接。这里不多说了，可以分别查002,001的成绩表A,B，再连接这两个结果A.S#=B.S# and A.score<B.score,查出S#,再用In 或exists.
9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；
1 反向思考，先找取有成绩大于60分学生的ID
select distinct(S#)
from SC
where SC.score>60
再NOT IN
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in(
select distinct(S#)
from SC
where SC.score>60
)
2直接查，不存在 （not existx）成绩大于60分的成绩。其实就是exists
select S#,Sname
from Student
where not exists(
select distinct(S#)
from SC
where SC.score>60
and Student.S#=SC.S#
)
10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；
1查询所有课的总数a，2再查学生学的总数b，3以a=b 或having筛选。参考第7题
11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；
从语意上分析，至少有一门课 exists
1查询学号为“1001”的同学所学的课程的C#列表a。
select C# from SC
where SC.S#='001'
2有学过这些课一门的学生学号
select distinct(S#) from SC
where SC.C# in(
select C# from SC
where SC.S#='001'
)
3
select S#,Sname
from Student S
where S# in(
select distinct(S#) from SC
where SC.C# in(
select C# from SC
where SC.S#='001'
))
以 exits查询
select S#,Sname
from Student S
where exists
(
select S# from SC
where SC.C# in(
select C# from SC
where SC.S#='001'
)
and S.S#=SC.S#
)
select Distinct(SC.S#),Sname from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S#
and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001')
文档给的答案是错的！
12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名；
这题目有点问题，应该001学过的他都学过。也就是不存在001学过，他没有学过。
1 001同学所学的课程
select C# from SC
where S#=001;
得到总数a
2用in 查询其他学生学的这些课程并得到总数b。
3a<b.
select S#
from SC
where C# in(
select C# from SC
where S#=001
)
group by S#
having count(S#)>=(select count(C#) from SC
where S#=001)
13把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；
1update SC set score=
(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C#
)
2叶平老师教的课（这里有个小问题，如果有主键，直接返回主键，可这表没主键，只好反回两个再说）
where SC.C# in
(
select C# from Course,Teacher
where Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
)
结果为
这样出错
update SC set score=
(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C#
)
where SC.C# in
(
select C# from Course,Teacher
where Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
)
文档的答案如下，但也是错的
update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
正确答案是，MSSQL上面的报错，下面的可以，SC不通用SC_2表示？求解答。
update SC
set score=
(select avg(score)
from SC
where C#=SC.C#
)
where C# in
(
select C# from Course,Teacher
where Course.T#=Teacher.T#
and Teacher.Tname='叶平'
)
14、查询和“002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；
同12题，那个是< 这个是=
文档答案
select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002') group by
S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；
这里有注意的地方，其实开发从没碰上过这种，
一般是查到要删除的ID，再用in。我都是写delete from table where id in（）
没有在这里写from的
文档答案是
delete SC
from course ,Teacher
where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平';
我之前的思路。
Delete from SC
where SC.C# in
(
select C# from Course,Teacher
where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平'
)
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