[其他探讨] 伊壁鸠鲁试论快乐 [推广有奖]

论快乐
　　Since pleasure is the first good and natural to us, for this very reason we do not choose every pleasure, but sometimes we pass over many pleasure, when greater discomfort accrues to us as the result of them: and similarly we think many pains better than pleasures, since a greater pleasure comes to us when we have endured pains for a long time. Every pleasure then because of its natural kinship to us is good, yet not every pleasure is to be chosen; even as every pain also in an evil, yet not all are always of a nature to be avoided. Yet by a scale of comparison and by the consideration of advantages and disadvantages we must form our judgment on all these matters. For the good on certain occasions we treat as bad, and conversely the bad as good.
　　快乐对于我们来说是至善至真的，正因为此，我们并不选择每一种快乐，而是偶尔放弃多种快乐，因为这些快乐可能会带来更大的不快；同样我们认为有许多痛苦优于快乐，因为当我们长期忍受痛苦之后，更大的快乐便会随之而来。就其与我们的自然联系而言，每一种快乐都是好的，然而并非每一种快乐都是可取的；同理，虽然每一种痛苦都是不好的，但并非每一种痛苦从本质上都应当为我们所驱避。不过，依据某种鉴别的尺度，通过权衡利弊我们必须形成对全部事物的判断。因此我们有时总是将好事视为坏事，反之将坏事视为好事。
　　We must consider that of some desires are natural, others vain, and of the natural some are necessary and others merely natural; and of the necessary some are necessary for happiness, others for repose of the body, and others for very life.
　　必须看到，欲望中，有一些是自然的，而另一些欲望则是徒然的；在自然的欲望之中，有些是必需的，而另一些纯属自然而已; 在必需的欲望中，有些是幸福之所需，有些是身体安康之所需，而另一则旨在维持生计。
　　Unhappiness comes either through fear of through vain and unbridled desire; but if a man curbs these, he can win for himself the blessedness of understanding. Of desires, all that do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not satisfied, are not necessary, but involve a craving which is easily dispelled, when the object is hard to procure or they seem likely to produce harm. Wherever in the case of desires which are natural, but do not lead to a sense of pain, if they are not fulfilled, the effort is intense, such pleasures are due to idle imagination, and it is not owing to their own nature that they fail to be dispelled, but owing to the empty imagining of the man.
　　苦恼或源于恐惧、空虚或者无穷无尽的欲望。然而，倘若一个人能克制欲望，他便为自己赢得了彻悟人生的幸福，在种种欲望之中，所有那些即使无法满足也并不导致痛苦时者，均属不必需之列；而当其所求之目标难以实现或似乎有可能带来危害时，此类欲望随即烟消云散。有些自然的欲望即使无法实现也并不会带来痛苦之感，而人们却求之不舍，此类快乐均源于无聊的想像，其所以未被驱除，并非由于它们的本质，而是由于人们的空想。
　　The disturbance of the soul cannot be ended nor true joy created either by the possession of the greatest wealth or by honor and respect in the eyes of the mob or by anything else that is associated with causes of unlimited desires. We must not violate nature, but obey her; and we shall obey her if we fulfill the necessary desires and also natural, if they bring no harm to us, but sternly reject the harmful. The man who follows nature and not vain opinions is independent in all things. For in reference to what is enough for nature every possession is riches, but in reference to unlimited desires even the greatest wealth is not riches but poverty.
　　无论是拥有巨额财富，还是荣誉，还是芸芸众生的仰慕，或任何其他导致无穷欲望的身外之物，都无法去除心灵的烦扰，更不能带来真正的快乐。我们不可悖逆天性，而应率性而为；而所谓率性，乃是去满足必需的欲望，以及自然的欲望，如果后者并不带来危害，反之则应严加抵御。顺性而不为妄言蛊惑者，可独立于天地之间。但凡随性的人，一点一滴便足于使人富有；而若是填补欲壑，纵然是万贯家财，所带来的不是富有，而是贫困。
　　Insofar as you are in difficulties, it is because you forget nature; for you create for yourself unlimited fears and desires. It is better for you to be free of fear lying upon a pallet, than to have a golden couch and a rich table and be full of trouble.
　　你之所以会被问题所困扰，可能是由于你忘记了天性；是你给自己创造出了无穷的恐惧和欲望。所以说，满怀忧愁地过富足的生活还不如无忧无虑地过简陋的生活。