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目 录

前　言1
第1章 嵌入式机器视觉测量系统3
1.2数字信号处理器DSP5
1.3 DSP TMS320C6201芯片介绍8
第２章　嵌入式机器视觉测量系统的硬件设计10
2.1嵌入式机器视觉测量系统的工作原理及技术指标10
2.2嵌入式机器视觉测量系统的硬件总体设计11
2.3 嵌入式机器视觉测量系统的硬件模块设计12
2.3.1 CCD摄像头12
2.3.2 A/D转换视频解码芯片14
2.3.3 FIFO缓存器17
2.3.4 DSP TMS320C620119
2.3.5 电源电路设计19
2.3.6 复位电路设计20
2.3.7 时钟电路设计21
2.3.8外部扩展存储器设计23
2.3.9 RS232串行通信接口设计25
结 论27
参考文献28
致 谢30
附 录31

摘　要

视觉测量是采用图像处理算法，通过计算对应于被测物边界的图像特征之间的像素数量来确定被测物的几何尺寸的。本设计采用机器视觉和图像处理技术，利用CCD摄像头、视频解码器、数字图像处理器、显示器等完成了嵌入式轴承套圈内外径尺寸视觉测量系统的硬件设计。其中，主要对光学成像模块、视频信号的A/D转换模块、图像处理模块和通信模块进行了设计。
本嵌入式视觉测量系统的工作原理大致如下：轴承在光源的照射下, 其影像被投射到光学成像系统,经透镜放大聚焦在CCD的光敏阵列面上,摄像头将其接收的光学影像转换成视频信号输出到视频解码器；由视频解码器将模拟信号转换成数字信号；然后在采样控制器CPLD的控制下由FIFO进行数字图像信号的采集；本系统中的图像处理器主要完成从FIFO读出数据并进行图像的增强、去噪、边缘提取、测量系统标定、逐行扫描等算法处理，通过计算对应于被测轴承边界的图像特征之间的像素数量来确定被测轴承的几何尺寸，并将最终处理结果输出给显示器。
机器视觉测量系统具有非接触、在线实时、速度快、精度高、现场抗干扰能力强等优点，能实现产品的零废品生产的目标，具有极大的实用价值和推广价值。

关键词: 嵌入式，机器视觉，轴承套圈，测量，DSP，TMS320C6201

Hardware design of embedded machine vision measurement system for bearing RING diameter size

ABSTRACT

Vision measurement uses image processing algorithms, by calculating the number of pixels between the images corresponding to the object border to determine the object's geometrical diameter. This design applys machine vision and image processing technology, and also uses a CCD camera, a image acquisition card, a digital image processor and a display to form a circle embedded machine vision system for bearing ring diameter size. In the system, this design mainly designs the module of optical imaging, A / D conversion for analogy signals, image processing and communication.
This embedded machine vision measurement system works as follows : In the light source, bearings’ images are projected onto the optical imaging system, and enlarged by the lens, after that ,the images are focused on the CCD surface of photosensitive array, camera converted the optical images which has already been received into video signals which will be transmitted to a video decoder; and then, the video decoder will converted the analog signals into digital signals; then under the control of sampling controller of CPLD, FIFO will collect the digital image signals; the image processor in system mainly completes the data acquisition from FIFO and also fulfills the algorithm of images enhancement, denoising, edge extraction, the calibration to measurement system and progressive scan, by calculating the number of pixels between the images border corresponding to the measured bearing to determine the geometrical diameter of the bearing, finally results will be transmitted to the display.
Machine vision system owns the virtue of non-contact, on-line real-time, speed, high precision and the scene anti-jamming capabilities, and can achieve the production target of zero-waste products.
KEY WORDS：embedded, machine vision, bearing ring, measurement, DSP, TMS320C6201

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