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摘要翻译：
研究了经济主体集合的货币、收入和人均能耗的概率分布。有限资源分配的熵最大化原理给出了所研究变量的指数分布。不同系统之间货币温度的非平衡差异产生了货币和人口的净通量。为了描述收入分配，引入了一个带有加法和乘法成分的随机过程。结果分布在低端为指数分布，高端为幂律分布，与美国的经验数据一致。我们发现，美国收入不平等的加剧主要源于收入占总收入的20%以上的上尾部分的增加。对世界资源研究所的数据进行分析，发现世界人均能源消费的分布可以近似地用指数函数来描述。通过比较1990年、2000年和2005年的数据，我们讨论了全球化对能源消费不平等的影响。
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英文标题：
《Universal patterns of inequality》
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作者：
Anand Banerjee, Victor M. Yakovenko
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最新提交年份：
2010
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分类信息：
一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Statistical Finance 统计金融
分类描述：Statistical, econometric and econophysics analyses with applications to financial markets and economic data
统计、计量经济学和经济物理学分析及其在金融市场和经济数据中的应用
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英文摘要：
Probability distributions of money, income, and energy consumption per capita are studied for ensembles of economic agents. The principle of entropy maximization for partitioning of a limited resource gives exponential distributions for the investigated variables. A non-equilibrium difference of money temperatures between different systems generates net fluxes of money and population. To describe income distribution, a stochastic process with additive and multiplicative components is introduced. The resultant distribution interpolates between exponential at the low end and power law at the high end, in agreement with the empirical data for USA. We show that the increase of income inequality in USA originates primarily from the increase of the income fraction going to the upper tail, which now exceeds 20% of the total income. Analyzing the data from the World Resources Institute, we find that the distribution of energy consumption per capita around the world can be approximately described by the exponential function. Comparing the data for 1990, 2000, and 2005, we discuss the effect of globalization on the inequality of energy consumption.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0912.4898
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