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Useful Texts
Auerbach, A., and M. Feldstein. Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 1 & 2. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1985 and 1987. Atkinson, A, and J. Stiglitz. Lectures in Public Economics. New York: McGraw Hill, 1980. Laffont, J. Fundamentals of Public Economics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988. Myles, G. Public Economics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pechman, J. Federal Tax Policy. 5th ed. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1987. Stiglitz, J. Economics of the Public Sector. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1988.
1. Public goods 1.1 Efficient Public Goods Provision
Atkinson, A., and N. Stern. "Pigou, Taxation and Public Goods." In Review of Economic Studies 41, 1974, pp. 119-128. C. Ballard, and D. Fullerton. "Distortionary Taxes and the Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, Summer 1992, pp. 117-131. Boadway, R., and M. Keen. "Public Goods, Self-Selection and Optimal Income Taxation." International Economic Review v34, n3, August 1993, pp. 463-78. Gaube, T. "When do Distortionary Taxes Reduce the Optimal Supply of Public Goods?" In Journal of Public Economics 76, May 2000, pp. 151-180. Kaplow, L. "The Optimal Supply of Public Goods and the Distortionary Cost of Taxation." In National Tax Journal v49, n4, December 1996, pp. 513-33. King, M. "A Pigouvian Rule for the Optimal Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Public Economics 30, 1986, pp. 273-292. Laffont, J. Chap. 2. Morgan, J. "Financing Public Goods by Means of Lotteries." In Mimeo. Princeton, 1996. Pirtill瓣, Jukka, and Matti Tuomala. "On optimal nonlinear taxation and public good provision in an overlapping generations economy." In Journal of Public Economics 79, 3, March 2001, pp. 485-502. Samuelson. P. "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure." In Review of Economics and Statistics 36, November 1954, pp. 387-389.
1.2 Providing Public Goods with Asymmetric Information: Preference Revelation
Atkinson, A., and J. Stiglitz. Chap. 10. Laffont, J. Chap. 4 and 5. Sen. A. Chap. 1-3 In Collective Choice and Social Welfare. San Francisc Holden Day, 1970. Tideman, N., and G. Tullock. "A New and Superior Process for Making Social Choices," In Journal of Political Economy 84, 1976, pp. 1145-1159. Varian, H. "A Solution to the Problem of Externalities When Agents Are Well-Informed." In American Economic Review 84, December 1994, pp. 1278-1293.
1.3 Voluntary Private Provision of Public Goods and Private Charity
Andreoni, J. "Impure Altruism and Donation to Public Goods; A Theory of Warm Glow Giving." In Economic Journal 100, 1990, pp. 464-477. ___. "An Experimental Test of the Public Goods Crowding Out Hypothesis." In American Economic Review 83, December 1993, pp. 1317-1327. Bergstrom, T., L. Blume, and H. Varian. "On the Private Provision of Public Goods." In Journal of Public Economics 29, 1986, pp. 25-49. Demsetz, H. "The Private Production of Public Goods." In Journal of Law and Economics 13, 1970, pp. 293-306. Hansmann, H. "Nonprofit Enterprise in the Performing Arts." In Bell Journal of Economics 12, 1981, pp. 341-361. Kingma, B. "An Accurate Measurement of the Crowd-Out Effect, Income Effect, and Price Effect for Charitable Contributions." In Journal of Political Economy 97, October 1989, pp. 1197-1207. Kagel, J., and A. Roth, J. Ledyard. "Public Goods: A Survey of Experimental Research." In, eds., The Handbook of Experimental Economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 111-194. Roberts, R. "Financing Public Goods." In Journal of Political Economy 95, 1987, pp. 420-437. Steinberg, Richard. Voluntary Donations and Public Expenditures in a Federalist System. The American Economic Review Vol. 77, No. 1. Mar. 1987, pp. 24-36.
1.4 Income Tax Deduction of Charitable Donations
Atkinson, A. B. "The Income Tax Treatment of Charitable Contributions." In Public and Urban Economics: Essays in the Honor of William S. Vickrey, ed. R Grieson, NY DC Heath, 1976. Clotfelter, C. Federal Tax Policy and Charitable Giving. Chicago Press, 1985. ___. "The Impact of Tax Reform on Charitable Giving: A 1989 Perspective," In J. Slemrod, ed. Do Taxes Matter?, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990, pp. 203-235. M Feldstein. A Contribution to the Theory of Tax Expenditures; The Case of Charitable Giving, The Economics of Taxation., ed. H Aaron, and M. Boskin, 99-122. Brookings, 1980. Reece, W., and K. Zieschung. "Consistent Estimation of the Impact of Tax Deductibility on the Level of Charitable Contributions." In Econometrica 54, 1985, pp. 271-293. Saez, E. "The Optimal Treatment of Tax Expenditures." In NBER WP 8037, 2000. ___. "The Desirability of Commodity Taxation under Non-Linear Income Taxation and Heterogeneous Tastes." In NBER WP 8029, 2000.
2. Tax Treatment of Donations, Gifts and Estates 2.1 Background 2.1.1 Individual Motivation
Altonji, J., F. Hayashi, and L. Kotlikoff. "Parental Altruism and Inter Vivos Transfers: Theory and Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 105, December 1997, pp. 1121-1166. Bernheim, A., A. Shleifer, and L. Summers. "The Strategic Bequest Motive." In Journal of Political Economy 93, December 1985, pp. 1045-1076. Carroll, Christopher D. "Why do the rich save so much." In Joel B Slemrod (ed.) "Does Atlas Shrug?" The Economic Consequences of Taxing the Rich. Harvard University Press, 2000. Hurd, M. "Savings of the Elderly and Desired Bequests." In American Economic Review 77, 1987, pp. 298-312. ___. "Mortality Risk and Bequests." In Econometrica 57, 1989, pp. 779-813. Kotlikoff, L. "Intergenerational Transfers and Saving." In Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2, Spring 1988, pp. 41-58. Modigliani. F. "The Role of Intergenerational Transfers and Lifecycle Saving in the Accumulation of Wealth." In Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, Spring 1988, pp. 15-40. Wilhelm, M. "Bequest Behavior and the Effect of Heirs Earnings: Testing the Altruistic Model of Bequests." In American Economic Review 86, September 1996, pp. 874-892.
2.1.2 Annuities
Brown, J. "Are the Elderly Really Over-Annuitized? New Evidence on Life Insurance and Bequests." In D. Wise, ed., Themes in the Economics of Aging. University of Chicago Press for NBER, 2001. ___. "Differential Mortality and the Value of Individual Account Retirement Annuities." In NBER Working Paper No. 7560, 2000 and forthcoming in M. Feldstein, and J. Liebman, The Distributional Effects of Social Security Reform. University of Chicago Press for NBER. ___. "How Should We Insure Longevity Risk in Pensions and Social Security?" In Center for Retirement Research Issue in Brief. August 2000. ___. "Mortality Risk, Inflation Risk, and Annuity Products." In NBER Working Paper No. 7812, 2000 and forthcoming in Z. Bodie, B. Hammond, O. Mitchell, and S. Zeldes, Financial Innovations in Retirement Income. University of Pennsylvania Press for the Pension Research Council. ___. "Private Pensions, Mortality Risk, and the Decision to Annuitize." In Journal of Public Economics Vol. 82, No. 1, October 2001. ___. "Redistribution and Insurance: Mandatory Annuitization with Mortality Heterogeneity." In Center for Retirement Research Working Paper. March 2001. Brown, J., and J. Poterba. "Joint Life Annuities and the Demand for Annuities by Married Couples." In The Journal of Risk and Insurance. December 2000. Brown, J., and M. Warshawsky. "Longevity-Insured Retirement Distributions from Pension Plans: Regulatory and Market Issues." forthcoming, in W. Gale, J. Shoven and M. Brown, J., O. Mitchell, and J. Poterba. "The Role of Real Annuities and Indexed Bonds in an Individual Accounts Retirement Program." In J. Campbell and M. Feldstein, RiskAspects of Investment-Based Social Security Reform. University of Chicago Press for NBER, 2001. Brown, J., O. Mitchell, J. Poterba, and M. Warshawsky. "Taxing Retirement Income: Non-Qualified Annuities and Distributions from Qualified Accounts." In The National Tax Journal Vol. LII, No. 3, September 1999. ___. The Role of Annuities in Financing Retirement. MIT Press, 2002. Brugiavini, A. "Uncertainty Resolution and the Timing of Annuity Purchases." In Journal of Public Economics 50, 1993, pp. 31-62. Davidoff, T., J. Brown, and P. Diamond. "Annuities and Individual Welfare." MIT, unpublished, 2001. Friedman, B., and M. Warshawsky. "The Cost of Annuities: Implications for Saving Behavior and Bequests." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, 1990, pp. 135-154. Kotlikoff, L., and A. Spivak. "The Family as an Incomplete Annuities Market." In Journal of Political Economy 89, 1981, pp. 372-291. Mitchell, O., J. Poterba, M. Warshawsky, and J. Brown. "New Evidence on the Money's Worth of Individual Annuities." In American Economic Review Vol. 89, No. 5, December, 1999. Warhsawsky. Public Policies and Private Pensions. Brookings Institution.
2.2 Taxing Gifts to Individuals
Kaplow, Louis. "A note on subsidizing gifts." JPubE, 1995, 58, pp. 469-478.
2.3 Estate Taxes
Aaron, H., and A. Munnell. "Reassessing the Role for Wealth Transfer Taxes." In National Tax Journal 45, June 1992, pp. 119-144. Arrondel, L., and A. Laferrere. "Taxation and Wealth Transmission in France." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, pp. 1 and 3-33. Bernheim, B. "Does the Estate Tax Raise Revenue?" In L. Summers, ed., Tax Policy and the Economy Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 121-132. Bernheim, B., R. Lemke, and J. Scholz. "Do Estate and Gift Taxes Affect the Timing of Private Transfers." In NBER Working Paper 8333, June, 2001. Cremer, H., and P. Pestieau. "Non-linear Taxation of Bequests, Equal Sharing Rules, and the Trade-off Between Intra and Inter-Family Inequalities." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 35-53. Gale, William G., James R. Hines, Jr. and Joel Slemrod, ed.s, "Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation." Washington: Brookings Institution. Gale, W.G., and J. B. Slemrod. "We Tax Dead People." In WP, Office of Tax Policy Research. University of Michigan Business School. (also in Gale, Hines and Slemrod). Gokhale, J. L.J. Kotlikoff, J. Sefton, and M. Weale. "Simulating the Transmission of Wealth Inequality via Bequests." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 93-128. Hochguertel, Stefan, and Henry Ohlsson. Compensatory inter vivos giftsi. unpublished, 2000. Joulfaian, D. "Estate Taxes and Charitable Bequests by the Wealthy." In National Tax Journal. 2000, 53, pp. 743-764. Jousten, A. "Life-cycle Modeling of Bequests and their Impact on Annuity Valuation." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 149-177. Kaplow, L. "A Framework for Assessing Estate and Gift Taxation." In NBER Writing Paper 7775, 2000. Kopczuk, W. "The Trick is to Live: Is the Estate Tax Social Security for the Rich?" unpublished, University of Michigan. Laitner, J., and H. Ohlsson. "Bequest Motives: A Comparison of Sweden and the United States." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, pp. 205-236. McGarry, K. "The Cost of Equality: Unequal Bequests and Tax Avoidance." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, 179-204. ___. "Inter Vivos Transfers or Bequests? Estate Taxes and the Timing of Parental Giving." In Tax Policy and the Economy 2000, 14, 93-122. Poterba, J. "The Estate Tax and After-Tax Investment Returns." In NBER Working Paper 6337, December 1997. ___. "The Estate and Gift Tax and Inter Vivos Giving in the United States." In Journal of Public Economics 79, January 2001, 1, 237-264. Papers from CRR conference, October, 2001
3. Social Security 3.1. Social Insurance Theory
Akerlof, G. "The Market for Lemons." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 85. 1970, pp. 488-500. In P. Diamond & M. Rothschild, Uncertainty in Economics. New York: Academic Press, Revised Edition, 1989. Atkinson, A.B. "Income Maintenance and Social Insurance." In A. Auerbach and M. Feldstein. eds., Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1987, pp. 779-908. Diamond, P. "A Framework for Social Security Analysis." In Journal of Public Economics 8, 1977, pp. 275-298. ___. "Issues in Social Insurance." 1993. In Jacobs, Kalai and Kamein eds., Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lecture, Northwestern University in Frontiers of Research In Economic Theory: The Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lectures, 1983-1997. Cambridge University Press, 1998. ___. "Government Provision and Regulation of Economic Support in Old Age." In Bruno and Pleskovic (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics. 1995, Washington DC: The World Bank. pp. 83-103. Feldstein, M. "Social Insurance." In Public Policy 25, 1977, pp. 81-115. ___. "Seven Principles of Social Insurance." In Challenge. November 1976. Rothschild, M., and J. Stiglitz. "Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 91, 1976, pp. 629-649. Shavell, S. "On Moral Hazard and Insurance." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 93, 1979, pp. 541-562. (also Section 6, "Experience Rating." In Mimeo). Shiller, Robert J. Macro Markets. Clarendon Press Oxford, 1993. von, J., Weizsaecker. Hayek's obvious corollary. Unpublished, University of Munich, 2000. Wilson, C. "The Nature of Equilibrium in Markets with Adverse Selection." In Bell Journal of Economics. Spring 1980, pp. 108-130.
3.2 Within Cohort Theoretical Models
Diamond, P. Munich Lectures. MIT mime Chap. 3 "Models of Optimal Lifetime Taxation with Time-Consistent Preferences." Chap. 4 "Models of Optimal Lifetime Taxation with Time-Inconsistent Preferences." Chap. 6 "Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Disutility of Labor." Chap. 7 "Models of Optimal Retirement Incentives with Varying Life Expectancy." Diamond, P., and J. Mirrlees. "A Model of Social Insurance with Variable Retirement." In Journal of Public Economics 10, 1978, pp. 295-336. ___. "Social Insurance with Variable Retirement and Private Saving." In Journal of Public Economics (forthcoming). ___. "Payroll-Tax Financed Social Security with Variable Retirement." In Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88, 1986, pp. 25-50. Eckstein, Z., M. Eichenbaum, and D. Peled. "Uncertain Lifetimes and the Welfare Enhancing Properties of Annuity Markets and Social Security." In Journal of Public Economics 26, 1985, 303-326. Feldstein, M. "Should Social Security Be Means Tested?" In Journal of Political Economy 95, 1987, pp. 468-484. ___. "Should Social Security Benefits Increase with Age?" In NBER Working Paper #2200, March 1987. Hubbard, R. G., and K. Judd. "Social Security and Individual Welfare: Precautionary Saving, Borrowing Constraints, and the Payroll Tax." In American Economic Review. September 1987, pp. 630-646.
3.3 Social Security, Saving, and Benefit Adequacy Issues
Banks, J., R. Blundell, and S. Tanner. "Is There a Retirement Savings Puzzle?" In American Economic Review 88, 1998, pp. 769-788. Bernheim, D. "Dissaving After Retirement: Testing the Pure Lifecycle Hypothesis." In Z. Bodie, J. Shoven, and D. Wise, eds., Issues in Pension Economics. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 237-283. ___. "The Economic Effects of Social Security: Toward a Reconciliation of Theory and Measurement." In Journal of Public Economics 33, 1987, pp. 273-304. ___. "How Strong are Bequest Motives? Evidence Based on Estimates of the Demand for Life Insurance and Annuities." In Journal of Political Economy 93, December 1985, pp. 1045-1076. Bernheim, D., J. Skinner, and S. Weinberg. "What Accounts for the Variation in Retirement Wealth Among U.S. Households?" In American Economic Review 91, 2001, pp. 832-857. Brien, M. J., S. Dickert-Conlin, and D. A. Weaver. "Widows Waiting to Wed? (Re)Marriage and Economic Incentives in Social Security Widow Benefits." unpublished, 2000. Brown, J., and J. Poterba. "Joint Life Annuities and Annuity Demand by Married Couples." In Mimeo. MIT, 1998. Diamond, P., and J. Hausman. "Individual Retirement and Savings Behavior." In Journal of Public Economics 23, 1984, pp. 81-114. Duggan, J., R. Gillingham, and J. Greenlees. "Progressive Returns to Social Security? An Answer from Social Security Records." In U.S. Treasury Department Working Paper #9501. November 1995. Edwards, S. "Why are Savings Rates so Different Across Countries? An International Comparative Analysis." In NBER Working Paper #5097. April 1995. Gale, W. "The Effects of Pensions on Household Wealth: A Re-Evaluation of Theory and Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 106, August 1998, pp. 706-723. Gustman, A., and T. Steinmeier. "How Effective is Redistribution Under the Social Security Benefit Formula?" In NBER Working Paper #7597. 2000. Hamermesh, D. "Consumption During Retirement: The Missing Link in the Life-Cycle Hypothesis." In Review of Economics and Statistics 66, 1984, pp. 1-7. Feldstein, M. "Social Security, Induced Retirement, and Aggregate Capital Accumulation." In Journal of Political Economy 82, 1974, pp. 905-926. ___. "Social Security and Private Saving: Reply." In Journal of Political Economy 90, 1982, pp. 630-642. Gustman, A., and B. Steinmeyer. "Effects of Pensions on Savings: Analysis with Data From the Health and Retirement Survey." In Mimeo. Dartmouth College. Holden, K. C., and C. Zick. "Insuring against the Consequences of Widowhood in a Reformed Social Security System." Arnold, R. Douglas, Michael J. Graetz, and Alicia H., 1998. Munnell. "Framing the Social Security Debate, Values, Politics, and Economics." Washington: National Academy of Social Insurance, distributed by Brookings Institution Press. Hurd, M. "Research on the Elderly: Economic Studies, Retirement, and Consumption and Saving." In Journal of Economic Literature 28, June 1990, pp. 565-637. Kotlikoff, L. A. Spivak, and L. Summers. "The Adequacy of Savings." In American Economic Review 72, 1982, pp. 1056-1069. Leimer, D., and S. Lesnoy. "Social Security and Private Saving: New Time-Series Evidence." In Journal of Political Economy 90, 1982, pp. 606-629. Shaw, L., and H. Yi. "Which Elderly Women Become Poor After Widowhood?" In Working Paper, Institute for Women's Policy Research. 1997.
3.3.1 Early entitlement age
Burkhauser, R. K. Couch, and J. Phillips. "Who Takes Early Social Security Benefits? The Economic and Health Characteristics of Early Beneficiaries." In The Gerontologist 36, 1996, pp. 789-799. CBO, Raising the earliest eligibility age for social security benefits, 1999. GAO, Social security reform: implications of raising the retirement age, 1999. Gruber, Mark Hayward, Diane Macunovich, Rudolph Penner, Joseph Quinn, John Rust, Dallas Salisbury, Andrew Samwick, Eugene Steuerle, Lawrence Thompson, Shripad Kingson, E., and Y. Arsenault. "The diversity of risk among age-62 retired worker beneficiaries." In CRR WP. 2000-08. Leonesio, M. V., D. R. Vaughn, and B. Wixon. "Early Retirees under Social Security: Health Status and Economic Resources." In Social Security Bulletin 64, 4, 2000, pp. 1-16. Social Security Advisory Board, "Implications of Raising the Social Security Retirement Age." presentations by Richard Burkhauser, Gary Burtless, Leora Friedberg, Jonathan. Tuljapurkar, David Walker, Carolyn Weaver, John Wilkin. October 13, 1998.
3.4 Social Security and Labor Supply
Baker, M. "The Retirement Behavior of Married Couples: Evidence from the Spouse's Allowance." In NBER Working Paper #7138. May 1999. Baker, M., and D. Benjamin. "Early Retirement Provisions and the Labour Force Behavior of Older Men: Some Evidence from Canada." In Journal of Labor Economics 17, 1999, pp. 724-756. Baker, M., and D. Benjamin. "How do Retirement Tests Affect the Labor Supply of Older Men?" In Journal of Public Economics 72, 1999, pp. 27-51. Blau, D. "Labor Force Dynamics of Older Men." In Econometrica 62, 1994, pp. 117-156. Burtless, G. "Social Security, Unanticipated Benefit Increases, and the Timing of Retirement." In Review of Economic Studies. 1986, pp. 781-805. Burtless, G., and R. Moffitt. "The Effect of Social Security Benefits on the Labor Supply of the Aged." In H. Aaron and G. Burtless, eds., Retirement and Economic Behavior. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1984, pp. 135-175. Coile, C., P. Diamond, J. Gruber, and A. Jousten. "Delays in Claiming Social Security Benefits." In Mimeo. MIT, 1999. Coile, C., and J. Gruber. "Social Security and Retirement." In NBER Working Paper #7830. August 2000. Costa, D. "Pensions and Retirement: Evidence from Union Army Veterans." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 110, May 1995, pp. 297-319. Crawford, V., and D. Lilien. "Social Security and the Retirement Decision." In Quarterly Journal of Economics 96, August 1981, pp. 505-529. Diamond, P., and J. Hausman. "Retirement and Unemployment Behavior of Older Men. " In H. Aaron, and G. Burtless, eds., Retirement and Economic Behavior. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1984, pp. 97-135. Diamond, P., and J. Gruber. "Social Security and Retirement in the United States." In Jonathan Gruber and David Wise, eds., Social Security and Retirement Around the World. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 437-474. Feldstein, M., and A. Samwick. "Social Security Rules and Marginal Tax Rates." In National Tax Journal 65, 1992, pp. 1-22. Fields, G., and O. Mitchell. "Economic Determinants of the Optimal Retirement Age: An Empirical Investigation." In Journal of Human Resources 19, Winter 1984, pp. 245-262. Friedberg, L. "The Social Security Earnings Test and Labor Supply of the Elderly." In NBER Working Paper #7200, June 1999. Gruber, J., and D. Wise. "Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World: Introduction and Summary." In Jonathan Gruber and David Wise, eds., Social Security and Retirement Around the World. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 1-36. Gruber, J., and P. Orszag. "Does the Social Security Earnings Test Affect Labor Supply and Benefits Receipt?" In NBER Working Paper #7923. September 2000. Gustman, A., and T. Steinmeier. "The 1983 Social Security Reforms and Labor Supply Adjustment of Older Individuals in the Long Run." In Journal of Labor Economics 3, 1985, pp. 237-253. Hausman, J., and D. Wise. "Social Security, Health Status, and Retirement." In D. Wise, ed., Pensions, Labor, and Individual Choice. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. 159-192. Kahn, J. "Social Security, Liquidity, and Early Retirement." In Journal of Public Economics 35, 1988, pp. 97-118. Krueger, A., and J. Pischke. "The Effect of Social Security on Labor Supply: A Cohort Analysis of the Notch Generation." In Journal of Labor Economics 10, October 1992, pp. 412-437. Lumsdaine, R., and D. Wise. "Aging and Labor Force Participation: A Review of Trends and Explanations." In Y. Noguchi and D. Wise, eds., Aging Issues in Japan and the United States. Chicag University of Chicago Press, 1994, pp. 7-42. Marrufo, G. "The Incidence of Social Security Regulation: Evidence from the Reform in Mexico." In University of Chicago Mimeo. 2001. Ruhm, C. "Secular Changes in the Work and Retirement Patterns of Older Men." In Journal of Human Resources 30, 1995, pp.362-385. Rust, J., and C. Phelan. "How Social Security and Medicare Affect Retirement Behavior in a World of Incomplete Markets." In Econometrica 65, July 1997, pp. 781-832. Samwick, A. "The Joint Effect of Social Security and Pensions on the Timing of Retirement: Some New Evidence." In Journal of Public Economics 70, 1998, pp. 207-236. Stock, J. and D. Wise. "Pensions, the Option Value of Work, and Retirement." In Econometrica 58, September 1990, pp. 1151-1180.
3.5. Social Security in OLG Growth Models
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