New Economics Papers Social Norms and Social Capital

是 否 +2 论坛币

k人 参与回答

经管之家送您一份

应届毕业生专属福利!

求职就业群

赵安豆老师微信：zhaoandou666

经管之家联合CDA

送您一个全额奖学金名额~ !

立即领取

感谢您参与论坛问题回答

经管之家送您两个论坛币！

+2 论坛币

1. Formal Institutions and the Trust Formation Process: A
   Psychological Approach to Explain the Relationship between
   Institutions and Interpersonal Trust
     Tamilina, Larysa; Tamilina, Natalya
2. Natural disasters and social capital formation: The impact of
   the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake
     Eiji Yamamura
3. Social capital, product imitation and growth with learning
   externalities
     Agenor, Pierre-Richard; Dinh, Hinh T.
4. Is there a closure penalty? Cohesive network structures,
   diversity, and gender inequalities in career advancement
     Lutter, Mark
5. The Value of Social Networks in Financial Markets
     Michela Rancan
6. Macroeconomic imbalances: a question of trust?
     Buetzer, Sascha; Jordan, Christina; Stracca, Livio
7. Discrimination or Social Networks? Industrial Investment in
   Colonial India
     Gupta, Bishnupriya
8. When Strong Ties are Strong: Networks and Youth Labor Market
   Entry
     Kramarz, Francis; Nordstr?m Skans, Oskar
9. Observed Punishment Spillover Effects: A Laboratory
   Investigation of Behavior in a Social Dilemma.
     David L. Dickinson; E. Glenn Dutcher; Cortney S. Rodet
10. Favor Trading in Public Good Provision
     Petrie, Ragan; Jacobson, Sarah
11. Exploitation, Altruism, and Social Welfare: An Economic
   Exploration
     Doepke, Matthias
12. Peer Groups, Employment Status and Mental Well-being among
   Older Adults in Ireland
     Hudson, Eibhlin; Barrett, Alan
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Formal Institutions and the Trust Formation Process: A
   Psychological Approach to Explain the Relationship between
   Institutions and Interpersonal Trust
    Tamilina, Larysa
    Tamilina, Natalya
While formal institutions are recognized as having an effect on
trust formation, no theoretical or empirical models exist to
formalize this relationship. This study introduces a new
conceptual framework to explain trust building by individuals and
the role that formal rules and laws may play in this process.
Drawing on a social-cognitive theory of psychology, we present
trust as composed of internal, interpersonal, and external
components with the latter encompassing formal institutions. We
further demonstrate that there are three mechanisms ? sanction,
legitimacy, and autonomy ? through which formal institutions may
affect trust levels either directly or indirectly. These
propositions are tested empirically based on the European Social
Survey data (2004) by using a variety of statistical techniques.
Our empirical analysis demonstrates evidence of heterogeneity in
institutional effects on trust, suggesting that the autonomy
dimension of the institutional framework is particularly
important for trust formation processes.
Keywords: interpersonal trust, formal institutions, social-
          cognitive psychology, heterogeneity, trust formation
          process
JEL:      K42 Z10 Z13
Date:     2013-06-01
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:49812&r=soc
         2. Natural disasters and social capital formation: The impact of
   the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake
    Eiji Yamamura
The Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake struck Japan in 1995,
causing devastating damage to the economic landscape of south-
central Japan. The earthquake also caused people to realize the
importance of social capital in Japan. Based on a large,
individual-level database comprising 488,223 observations, this
study investigated how, and the extent to which, the earthquake
enhanced the investment in social capital through participation
in community activity. The differences-in-differences method was
used, and the following key findings were obtained: (1) In Japan,
people were more likely to invest in social capital in 1996 than
in 1991, (2) the effects of the earthquake decreased as the
distance of one?s place of residence increased from Kobe, and (3)
the earthquake significantly increased the social capital
investment rate of Kobe residents, whereas it had no significant
influence on the investment rate of residents of large cities
close to Kobe.
Keywords: Natural disasters, social capital, volunteer
          activities.
JEL:      N35 Q54 Z13
Date:     2013-09-10
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eei:rpaper:eeri_rp_2013_10&r=soc
         3. Social capital, product imitation and growth with learning
   externalities
    Agenor, Pierre-Richard
    Dinh, Hinh T.
Links between social capital, human capital, and product
imitation are studied in an overlapping generations model of
endogenous growth where the key benefit of social capital is to
promote imitation. There is also a two-way interaction between
imitation and human capital. Building social capital (which
brings direct utility) requires time. Because life expectancy is
endogenously related to human capital, time allocation between
market work and social capital accumulation is also endogenously
determined. Social capital accumulation depends also on access to
infrastructure. The model is calibrated numerically for a low-
income country. A policy that helps to promote social capital
accumulation may be very effective to foster economic growth,
even if it involves offsetting cuts in other productive
components of government spending, such as education outlays or
infrastructure investment. Offsetting cuts in infrastructure
investment, however, may be less effective.
Keywords: Political Economy,Economic Theory&Research,Debt
          Markets,Social Capital,Emerging Markets
Date:     2013-09-01
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6607&r=soc
         4. Is there a closure penalty? Cohesive network structures,
   diversity, and gender inequalities in career advancement
    Lutter, Mark
That social capital matters is an established fact in the social
sciences. How different forms of social capital affect gender
disadvantages in career advancement is less clear, however.
Qualitative research suggests that women face disadvantages in
project-based labor markets where recruitment practices are based
on informal and personal networks. Focusing on a project-based
type of labor market, namely the U.S. film industry, this study
argues that women suffer from social closure and face severe
career disadvantages when collaborating in cohesive teams. At the
same time, gender disadvantages are reduced for women who build
social capital in open networks with a higher degree of diversity
and information flow. I test and demonstrate these assumptions
using a large-scale longitudinal dataset containing full career
profiles of more than 1.2 million performances by 101,090 film
actors in 483,949 feature film productions between the years 1900-
2010. In particular, I analyze career survival models and
interaction effects between gender and different measures of
social capital and information openness. The findings reveal that
female actors have a higher risk of career failure than their
male colleagues when affiliated in cohesive networks, but have
better survival chances when embedded in open and diverse
structures. This study contributes to the understanding of how
and what type of social capital can be either a beneficial
resource for otherwise disadvantaged groups or a constraining
mechanism that intensifies gender differences in career
advancement. -- Sozialkapital stellt insbesondere auf
projektorientierten Arbeitsm?rkten eine wichtige Erfolgsressource
dar. Auf die Frage, wie verschiedene Formen der sozialen
Einbettung auf geschlechtsspezifische Erfolgsungleichheiten
wirken, gibt es jedoch bislang keine eindeutige Antwort.
Bisherige Einzelfalluntersuchungen legen nahe, dass Frauen
besonders dann benachteiligt sind, wenn Rekrutierungspraktiken in
hohem Ma?e auf informellen und auf pers?nlichen Netzwerken
beruhen. Am Beispiel eines projektorientierten und durch
informelle Rekrutierung gekennzeichneten Winner-take-all-
Arbeitsmarktes - der US-Filmbranche - wird argumentiert, dass
Frauen besonders dann Benachteiligungen erfahren, wenn sie ihre
Karriere h?ufiger in engmaschigen, stark koh?siven Teams aufbauen.
Dagegen k?nnen sie Benachteiligungen deutlich reduzieren, wenn
sie sich h?ufiger in Projektteams bewegen, die sich durch offene
Netzwerkstrukturen und breite Erfahrungshintergr?nde auszeichnen.
Auf Basis von Ereignisdatenanalysen und der Untersuchung
vollst?ndiger Karriereprofile von 101.090 US-Filmschauspielern in
483.949 Spielfilmproduktionen mit mehr als 1,2 Millionen
Engagements testet der Beitrag diese Argumentation und zeigt -
anhand diverser Indikatoren zur Messung von Teamkoh?sion,
Kollaborationsh?ufigkeit, Informationszugang und -vielfalt -,
dass koh?sive Netze geschlechtsspezifische Karriereungleichheiten
verst?rken, w?hrend offene Netzwerke Benachteiligungen deutlich
reduzieren. Vermutlich sind der in diesen Netzen h?here
Informationsfluss und vor allem die Diversit?t der geteilten
Informationen entscheidende Faktoren, die geschlechtstypische
Benachteiligungen aufheben k?nnen. Diese Studie erweitert das
Verst?ndnis dar?ber, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen
Sozialkapital zu einer vorteilhaften Ressource f?r benachteiligte
Gruppen wird, und wann es beschr?nkende, Benachteiligungen
intensivierende Wirkungen entfaltet.
Date:     2013
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:139&r=soc
         5. The Value of Social Networks in Financial Markets
    Michela Rancan
Social contacts influence decisions and economic outputs in a
variety of contexts. Does social network matter also in financial
markets? In this paper I investigate the effect of social
networks on mutual funds performance by exploiting data on the
education of U.S. fund managers. The results show that
performance is better for fund managers with many social
connections. Furthermore, positional advantages in the social
network generate superior performance. This evidence suggests
that social interaction and information spillovers have a
positive and meaningful value for mutual funds.
Keywords: Social Network, Mutual Fund, Performance
JEL:      G23 L14
Date:     2013-03
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2013/21&r=soc
         6. Macroeconomic imbalances: a question of trust?
    Buetzer, Sascha
    Jordan, Christina
    Stracca, Livio
In this paper, we address the question of whether cross-country
differences in civic capital, notably interpersonal trust, have
contributed to the build-up of macroeconomic imbalances over the
last three decades. We analyse the link between a stylised index
of economic imbalances (a combination of the government budget
balance, the inflation rate and the current account balance) and
interpersonal trust, alongside other measures of civic and
cultural capital, obtained from value survey data for 65 advanced
and emerging countries. For the whole set of countries, we find
robust empirical evidence for a negative and significant
relationship between trust and macroeconomic imbalances which may
therefore partly reflect underlying heterogeneity in civic
capital. Within the euro area, differences in trust exist
although they are not particularly large from an international
perspective. With the nexus between trust and macroeonomic
imbalances being equally robust we can attribute one fifth of the
variation in intra-euro area imbalances to differences in
interpersonal trust. Euro area membership and EU fiscal rules do
not appear to have weakened the link between the two variables.
JEL Classification: F33, F42, Z1
Keywords: culture, euro area, Macroeconomic imbalances, Trust
Date:     2013-08
URL:      http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20131584&r=soc
         

扫码加我 拉你入群

请注明：姓名-公司-职位

以便审核进群资格，未注明则拒绝

分享0 收藏0 回帖

关键词：Economics Economic Capital Social Papers learning network Natural between capital

7. Discrimination or Social Networks? Industrial Investment in
Colonial India
Gupta, Bishnupriya (Department of Economics, University of
Warwick)
Industrial investment in Colonial India was segregated by the
export oriented industries, such as tea and jute that relied on
British firms and the import substituting cotton textile industry
that was dominated by Indian firms. The literature emphasizes
discrimination against Indian capital. Instead informational
factors played an important role. British entrepreneurs knew the
export markets and the Indian entrepreneurs were familiar with
the local markets. The divergent flows of entrepreneurship can be
explained by the comparative advantage enjoyed by social groups
in information and the role of social networks in determining
entry and creating separate spheres of industrial investment. JEL
classification: JEL codes:
Date: 2013
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1019&r=soc
8. When Strong Ties are Strong: Networks and Youth Labor Market
Entry
Kramarz, Francis
Nordstr?m Skans, Oskar
The conditions under which young workers find their first real
post-graduation jobs are both very important for the young?
future careers and insufficiently documented given their
potential importance for young workers welfare. To study these
conditions, and in particular the role played by social ties, we
use a Swedish population-wide linked employer-employee data set
of graduates from all levels of schooling which includes detailed
information on family ties, neighborhoods, schools, class
composition, and parents? and children? employers over a period
covering years with both high and low unemployment, together with
measures of firm performance. We find that strong social ties (
parents) are an important determinant for where young workers
find their first job. The effects are larger if the graduate?s
position is ?weak? (low education, bad grades), during high
unemployment years, and when information on potential openings
are likely to be scarce. On the hiring side, by contrast, the
effects are larger if the parent?s position is ?strong? (long
tenure, high wage) and if the parent?s plant is more productive.
The youths appear to benefit from the use of strong social ties
through faster access to jobs and by better labor market outcomes
as measured a few years after entry. In particular, workers
finding their entry jobs through strong social ties are
considerably more likely to remain in this job, while
experiencing better wage growth than other entrants in the same
plant. Firms also appear to benefit from these wage costs (
relative to comparable entrants) starting at a lower base. They
also benefit on the parents? side; parents? wage growth drops
dramatically exactly at the entry of one of their children in the
plant, although this is a moment when firm profits tend to be
growing. Indeed, the firm-side benefits appear large enough for (
at least small) firms to increase job creation at the entry level
in years when a child of one of their employees graduates.
Keywords: network; strong tie; youth employment
JEL: J30
Date: 2013-09
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9620&r=soc
9. Observed Punishment Spillover Effects: A Laboratory
Investigation of Behavior in a Social Dilemma.
David L. Dickinson
E. Glenn Dutcher
Cortney S. Rodet
Punishment has been shown to be an effective reinforcement
mechanism. Intentional or not, punishment will likely generate
spillover effects that extend beyond one?s immediate decision
environment, and these spillovers are not as well understood. We
seek to understand these secondary spillover effects in a
controlled lab setting using a standard social dilemma: the
voluntary contributions mechanism. We find that spillovers occur
when others observe punishment outside their own social dilemma.
However, the direction of the spillover effect depends crucially
on personal punishment history and whether one is personally
exempt from punishment or not. Key Words: Punishment, Punishment
Spillovers, Vicarious Punishment, VCM, Social Dilemma, Experiment
JEL: C91 C92 D03 H40 J24 K42
Date: 2013
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:13-20&r=soc
10. Favor Trading in Public Good Provision
Petrie, Ragan (Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science
ICES), George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN
1B2)
Jacobson, Sarah (Department of Economics, Williams College,
24 Hopkins Hall Dr., Williamstown, MA 01267, USA)
Favor trading is common. We do something nice for someone and
they do something nice in return. Several motives might underlie
such behavior, including altruism, strategic motives, and direct
or indirect positive reciprocity. It is not yet well-understood
how these fit together to affect behavior, how they interact in
various institutional structures, and how they play out over time.
We use a laboratory experiment to study the elements and
dynamics of favor trading in a particular setting: the private
provision of a public good. In our experiment, giving subjects
the ability to practice targeted reciprocity by making a simple,
low-cost change in information provision increases contributions
to the public good by 14%. Subjects reward group members who have
previously been generous to them and withhold rewards from
ungenerous group members. Strategic concerns cannot explain all
of this behavior, and it must be at least partly due to direct
reciprocity. When someone cannot directly benefit from favor
trading, he gives much less to the public good. People thus
excluded from the ?circle of reciprocity? provide a clean and
strict test of indirect reciprocity. Contrary to previous studies
in the literature, we do not observe indirect reciprocity.
Keywords: public goods, direct and indirect reciprocity,
experiment, peer-to-peer fundraising
JEL: C92 H41 D01
Date: 2013-09
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2013-03&r=soc
11. Exploitation, Altruism, and Social Welfare: An Economic
Exploration
Doepke, Matthias
Child labor is often condemned as a form of exploitation. I
explore how the notion of exploitation, as used in everyday
language, can be made precise in economic models of child labor.
Exploitation is defined relative to a specific social welfare
function. I first show that under the standard dynastic social
welfare function, which is commonly applied to intergenerational
models, child labor is never exploitative. In contrast, under an
inclusive welfare function, which places additional weight on the
welfare of children, child labor is always exploitative. Neither
welfare function captures the more gradual distinctions that
common usage of the term exploitation allows. I resolve this
conflict by introducing a welfare function with minimum altruism,
in which child labor in a given family is judged relative to a
specific social standard. Under this criterion, child labor is
exploitative only in families where the parent (or guardian)
displays insufficient altruism towards the child. I argue that
this welfare function best captures the conventional concept of
exploitation and has useful properties for informing political
choices regarding child labor.
Keywords: altruism; child labor; exploitation; social welfare
function
JEL: D63 D64 J10 J47 J80
Date: 2013-06
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9509&r=soc
12. Peer Groups, Employment Status and Mental Well-being among
Older Adults in Ireland
Hudson, Eibhlin (Trinity College Dublin)
Barrett, Alan (ESRI, Dublin)
Research has shown that employment status, such as being
unemployed or retired, can be related to well-being. In addition,
the direction and size of these relationships can be influenced
by the employment status of one's peer group. For example, it has
been shown that the well-being of the unemployed tends to be
higher for those living in high-unemployment areas compared to
the unemployed living in low-unemployment areas. In this paper,
we explore whether such employment peer effects impact upon the
well-being of older workers. This is an important issue in the
context of promoting longer working lives. If the well-being of
older people in employment is lowered by low employment levels in
their peer group, then sustaining high employment among older
workers will be more difficult. We use data from the Irish
Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) which is a nationally
representative sample of people aged fifty and over and living in
Ireland, collected between 2009 and 2011. Employment peer effects
are proxied using the peer group non-employment rate where a peer
is defined as someone in the same age-group and region and of the
same gender. We find that for the employed, an increase in peer
non-employment is associated with an increase in reported
depressive symptoms, whereas for those not employed such an
increase is associated with a decrease in reported depressive
symptoms. However, these findings hold mainly for men.
Keywords: peer groups, well-being, older adults
JEL: I10 J26 C21
Date: 2013-08
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7586&r=soc