【中英双语】对金融市场极具影响力的五位投资大师-经管之家官网！

福布斯：
未来许多代的交易者仍会提出的一个问题是——市场是否遭到操纵；但可以肯定的是，这些深具影响力的交易者对全球市场的走势具有深远的影响。
每个行业都有在业界极具影响力的人物：高尔夫球场上有泰格·伍兹（Tiger Woods），政坛上有美国总统，而投资界里则有以下这些投资大师。
1. 沃伦·巴菲特（Warren Buffett）
沃伦·巴菲特在投资界内外都享有名人地位般的盛名。在投资市场中的所有主要影响人物中，巴菲特是影响力最大的投资大师，虽然他很少就市场势态发表意见。巴菲特是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司（Berkshire Hathaway）的首席执行官（CEO），这家市值达1,840亿美元的公司拥有盖可汽车保险公司（Geico）、奈杰私人商务飞机租赁公司（Netjets）及许多其他公司控股权。他是世界上第三富有的人，而且很可能已使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司成为最为成功的价值投资方，同时也是“买入并持有”投资模式的支持者。
在2009年经济大衰退的高峰期，巴菲特在《纽约时报》发表了一篇评论文章。那篇文章被誉为是对美国摇摇欲坠的经济给予的一张信任投票。当巴菲特发表意见的时候，市场上所有投资者都会凝神倾听，而这点不难看出——只需通过观察华尔街以及新闻媒体对他发表的所有言论的反应即可。
2.卡尔·伊坎（Carl Icahn）
“企业狙击手”（Corporate raider）意在寻找那些他们认为股价遭到低估的公司，然后买入该公司的控股权，这往往使他们能获得对一定数量的董事会席位的控制权。控有这些董事会席位的企业狙击手能够对该公司进行变革，从而增加他们对该公司的持股价值。
卡尔·伊坎或许是现代最著名的企业狙击手之一。他试图控制公司的一些最著名的狙击行动包括与环球航空公司（Trans World Airlines）、雅虎（Yahoo!）及时代华纳（Time Warner）的争斗。近日，伊坎的持股公司之一——有机食品生产商Haines Celestial Group公布了好于预期的上季度财报，这使伊坎获利1.24亿美元——在短短一年内获利100％。
3.比尔·格罗斯（Bill Gross）
以“债券之王”著称的比尔·格罗斯是太平洋投资管理公司（PIMCO）的创始人兼首席投资官。PIMCO是一家主要从事债券投资的全球投资公司。他掌管着规模达2,350亿美元的PIMCO总体回报基金（Total Return Fund），该基金主要投资于债券。《纽约时报》称他为全美最卓越的债券投资者。
格罗斯一向直言不讳地发表他对世界货币政策的看法，而投资界对此则会屏息聆听。多年来他提出了一些著名的预言性判断，其中包括最近2011年警告投资者避开美国国债，因为美国国债经通胀调整后的投资回报为负值。如果历史值得借鉴的话，即使规模最大的机构投资者也将俯首倾听这一警告。
4. 丹尼斯·加特曼（Dennis Gartman）
丹尼斯·加特曼以其每日投资简讯——《加特曼投资简讯》（The Gartman Letter）而著称。他每天在凌晨2:30醒来，开始著写他长达四页的投资简讯，然后最晚不迟于上午6:00将这些简讯发送给所有订阅者。世界各地的机构投资者都会阅读这份投资简讯，因为他在该简讯中就世界各金融市场发表评论。特别令人感兴趣的是他对货币及大宗商品交易的评论。如果你想获得对黄金市场最有见地的预测之一的话，丹尼斯·加特曼或许是你的交易员之选。
他不仅是一位市场评论家，自己也是一名交易者。对所有交易者而言，他著写的交易22条规则可谓是必读佳作。其中的规则之一就是交易者不仅要了解经济，而且更要了解群众心理，因为市场走势在更大程度上是基于人的情绪而不是各种经济因素。
5. 电脑
说电脑是市场驱动者（market mover，即对市场走势影响巨大的人物或因素），这似乎有点匪夷所思，但电脑对现代交易市场的影响确实大得惊人。通过电脑执行的交易目前占所有每日交易量的70％以上。相当于人工完成的每三笔交易的时间里，就有七笔交易是通过电脑完成的——而且这七笔交易可在一秒钟之内完成。
正因如此，现代交易者必须提出一个新的问题：电脑会干什么呢？许多人认为，查看一家公司的基本面不再像研究该公司的股价走势图那么重要了。现在，了解各种移动平均线及支撑线或许比了解公司从事哪些业务以及即将推出哪些新产品更为至关重要。
有一点是肯定的：现在，电脑的重要性和那些交易量庞大的对冲基金及共同基金的交易者旗鼓相当了——如果尚不是更为重要的话。
小结
未来许多代的交易者仍会提出的一个问题是——市场是否遭到操纵；但可以肯定的是，这些深具影响力的交易者对全球市场的走势具有深远的影响。或许明智的做法是：密切关注他们的动向及其所做出的市场预测。
There are people in every industry that have so much of an effect on it, it seems unfair. Golf has Tiger Woods, politics have the President of the United States, and the investing world has these players.
1. Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett has the distinction of the having celebrity status both in and out of the investing world. Of all of the leading voices in the market, Buffett is the largest, although his voice is rarely heard. Buffett is the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, a $184 billion company that owns controlling interests in companies like Geico, Netjets and many others. He is the third wealthiest person in the world and has made his empire as possibly the most successful value investor as well as a proponent of the buy and hold investing model.
During the peak of the Great Recession of 2009, Buffet wrote an op ed piece in the New York Times. It was hailed as a vote of confidence in an economy that was faltering. When Buffett speaks, the market listens, and it is easy to see simply by watching Wall Street’s as well as the news media’s reaction to all of his words.
2. Carl Icahn
Corporate raiders find companies that they perceived to be undervalued and purchase a controlling interest in the company, often allowing them to gain control of a certain number of board seats. With those board seats the corporate raider is able to make changes to the company which increases their value.
Carl Icahn may be one of the best known modern day corporate raiders. Some of his most famous attempts at taking control of companies include his battles with Trans World Airlines, Yahoo! and Time Warner. Recently, Haines Celestial Group, maker of organic foods and one of Mr. Icahn’s holdings, announced a better-than-expected quarter, allowing Icahn to profit $124 million – a 100% gain in just one year.
3. Bill Gross
Known as the bond king, Bill Gross is the founder and chief investing officer of PIMCO, a global investing firm focused primarily on bond investing. He manages the $235 billion PIMCO Total Return Fund, a fund mostly invested in bonds. He was referred to by the New York Times as the nation’s most prominent bond investor.
Mr. Gross is vocal about his views of world monetary policy and the investing community listens. Over the years he has made some legendary calls including a recent 2011 warning to investors to steer clear of treasuries because of their negative return when accounting for inflation. If history is a guide, even the largest institutional investors will listen very closely to this warning.
4. Dennis Gartman
Dennis Gartman is best known for his daily newsletter, The Gartman Letter. Each day at 2:30AM he wakes up to write his four page publication for delivery to all subscribers no later than 6:00AM. This newsletter is read by institutional investors all over the world because it contains commentary on the world markets. Of particular interest is his commentary on currency and commodities trading. If you’re looking for one of the best informed predictions on the gold market, Dennis Gartman may be your trader of choice.
Not only is he a commentator, he is also a trader himself. His 22 rules of trading are a must-read for all traders. One of his rules is to understand mass psychology more than economics because markets are more based on human emotion more than economic factors.
5. The Computer
It may seem odd that the computer is a market mover but the effect of the computer on the modern day trading market is staggering. Computers now account for more than 70% of all daily trading volume. To put that in to perspective, for every three trades made by a human, seven trades are done by computer – and those seven trades could have taken place in under one second.
Because of this, a new question must be asked by the modern trader: What would the computer do? Many argue that looking at the characteristics of a company are no longer as important as studying the company’s chart. Understanding moving averages and support levels may now be more important than knowing what a company does and what new products are in the pipeline.
One thing is certain: The computer is now just as – if not more – important than the large volume hedge fund and mutual fund traders.
The Bottom Line
Whether the market is rigged or not will remain a question asked by traders for many more generations but it is certain that these influential traders have a profound effect on movement of the global markets. You may be wise to keep an eye on their movements and market predictions.