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核酸酶P1的初步分离纯化_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1．绪论1 1.1 研究 5′- 磷酸二酯酶的背景和意义1 1.1.1 5′- 磷酸二酯酶的定义1 1.1.2 5′- 磷酸二酯酶的作用方式2 1.1.3 5′-磷酸二酯酶的研究意义和前景2 1.2 5′- 磷酸二酯酶的制备方法3 1.2.1 提取法3 1.2.2 发酵法4 1.3 本课题的基本思路4 1.3.1 实验的目的4 1.3.2 实验流程5 2．材料和方法5 2.1 材料：5 2.2 实验方法6 2.2.1 菌种的活化7 2.2.2 发酵培养7 2.2.3 纯酶制剂的制备7 2.2.4 酶活力的测定13 3．结果与讨论15 3.1 核酸酶P1的发酵15 3.2 葡聚糖凝胶G-75层析纯化蛋白15 3.3 各步骤纯化蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳16 3.4 各步酶纯化试验结果17 4．结束语19 致谢21 参考文献22 摘要：5’—磷酸二酯酶是—类可将核酸定向水解为5’—核苷酸的酶，核酸是生命之源,核苷酸作为核酸的基本组成单元,是参与新陈代谢不可缺少的物质,而5’—核苷酸用途广泛, 它具有强烈的增鲜作用，是—类很有价值的食品增鲜剂，同时也是生产多种药物的原料。目前国外从核糖核酸生产5’—核苷酸的工艺大多应用桔青霉的核酸酶P1。本文主要是对纯酶制剂的制备纯化过程做了初步的研究。本人采用桔青霉发酵法生产5’—磷酸二酯酶，接着将发酵液进行多个的纯化步骤来得到较纯的酶制剂——核酸酶P1。经过85小时的发酵，滤去菌种，得到粗酶液，在4℃温度下纯化过程，它包括第—次硫酸铵沉淀、热处理、第二次硫酸铵部分沉淀、丙酮沉淀、葡聚糖凝胶G—75层析、冷冻干燥浓缩酶液等六个环节，将酶液进行初步的分离纯化，得到较纯的目标物，其中，每个环节通过测定酶活力并且进行SDS—PAGE胶分离的方式检验纯化效果。试验数据中可以得出：实验方案还是能利用桔青霉发酵生产得到含5′- 磷酸二酯酶的液体，并将5′- 磷酸二酯酶进行个初步纯化。试验中菌种的无菌培养，含目标酶液的保存，丙酮浓度的控制是试验的关键环节。 关键词：桔青霉； 5’—磷酸二酯酶；5’—核苷酸；酶活力；纯化 ABSTRAT：5’-Phosphodiesterase is a kind enzyme which can directional hydrolyze the nucleic acid to be 5’-Nucleotides, The nucleic acid is source of the life,.the nucleotide .as nucleic acid the basic composition unit, participates in the metabolism essential matter, 5’-Nucleotides which use widely can intensely increases the fresh ,is kind of very valuable material for food to increases the fresh, also is raw materal of many kinds of medicines. At present, the craft of produces 5 ' -nucleotide from the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is using Penicillium citrinum to produce nuclease P1 .This article mainly about the preliminary research on the pure enzyme preparation process. I use the Penicillium citrinum to produce 5’-Phosphodiesterase enzyme, then the fluid was carried on many pure steps ,then gain comparatively pure enzyme - nuclease P1. After 85 hours fermentation, filtrate the thalli out, obtain the crude fluid of enzyme, purefy in 4 ℃, the process of purification including the first deposit by (NH4)2SO4, the heat treatment, the second partial deposit by (NH4)2SO4, deposit by the acetone, Chromatography on sephadex G – 75, freeze-drying and so on. six links obtain a purer enzyme. each process carries on SDS-PAGE rubber separation way to test the purification effect .According to the results, the methord can use Penicillium citrinum to produce liquid which contain nuclease P1 .In the process of experimants, the step of asepsis , preservation of liquid which contain nuclease P1 and control the contents of acetone are important . Key word: Penicillium citrinum; 5’-Phosphodiesterase; 5 ' -nucleotide; Enzyme activity; Purification
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食品包装材料聚乙烯中有害物质的检测方法研究_制药工程论文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要 英文摘要 目录 1 绪论 1 1.1 食品包装材料聚乙烯（PE 1 1.2 增塑剂 1 1.3 邻苯二甲酸酯 2 1.4 样品预处理影响因素 6 1.5 国内外测定方法的概况 7 2 实验部分 8 2.1 主要仪器、试剂和样品 8 2.1.1 仪器 8 2.1.2 试剂和样品 8 2.2 实验准备 8 2.3 样品预处理 8 2.4 分离测定 9 2.4.1 气相色谱条件 9 3 结果与讨论 10 3.1 GC分离 10 3.2 样品分析 11 4 总结与展望 17 4.1 总结 17 4.2 展望 17 致谢 18 参考文献 19 摘要：食品包装材料聚乙烯中含有的有害物质增塑剂（主要是邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂）严重危害着人群的健康，会产生类雌激素效应，“三致”效应，生殖毒性、发育毒性以及其它毒性。用气相色谱测定食品包装材料聚乙烯中增塑剂，主要是5种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物（邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DOP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP））。样品用甲醇：乙醇（1：1）浸泡，超声提取，蒸发浓缩至近干，用甲醇定容到15mL。进行气相色谱分析。气相色谱回收率为89.46％-110.58％，精密度RSD为2.85％-4.51％，检出限DMP、DEP、DBP、DOP和DEHP分别为2.0、1.8、2.6、3.2和3.1ng，这种方法具有样品用量少，分离效果好，灵敏度、回收率高等优点。 关键词：聚乙烯；增塑剂；邻苯二甲酸酯；气相色谱 Abstract：Polyethylene food packaging materials containing hazardous substances plasticizer (mainly phthalate plasticizer esters) seriously endanger healthy crowd will have estrogenic effect,"three to" effect, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity and other toxic.The method for simultaneous determination of Plasticizer,mostly five kinds of phthalate esters,namely dimethyl phthalate,diethyl phthalate,di-n-butyl phthalate,di-n-octyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in food-packaging bags by GC were developed.The preparation of sample have been compared.Finally,we choosed the best pretreatment method.The food-packaging bags were extracted with methanol:ethanol (1:1) immersion ultrasonic extraction and evaporation to nearly dry, with the volume of methanol to 15 mL.Processing by GC.Recoveries and relative standard deviation of the five phthalates by GC were 89.46％-110.58％ and 2.85％-4.51％, respectively.The detection limits:2.0 ng for DMP,1.8 ng for DEP,2.6 ng for DBP,3.2 ng for DOP and 3.1 ng for DEHP.The methods presented the advantages of high precision,high sensitivity, high recoveries,low consumption of sample and so on. Keywords： Polyethylene;Plasticizer;Phthalic acid esters;Gas chromatography
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REACH-纺织品中禁用偶氮染料的测定要求_制药工程论文
制药工程论文范文 目录 中文摘要Ⅰ 英文摘要Ⅱ 目录III 1. 绪论1 1.1引言1 1.2研究现状3 2.实验部分6 2.1实验仪器与试剂6 2.2实验步骤6 3.结果与讨论14 3.1样品的定性分析9 3.2标准曲线的制作11 3.3联苯胺的加标空白回收12 3.4样品的定量及精密度的测定12 3.5结论13 4. 总结与展望15 4.1总结15 4.2展望15 致谢17 参考文献18 摘要：评述自2003年6月以来，国际市场对纺织品和纺织化学品设置的新“绿色壁垒”。欧盟更是利用生态纺织品标准这一有效工具来构筑技术壁垒。通过对近年来欧盟通报的纺织品中禁用偶氮染料超标的情况进行统计和分析，探讨纺织品中禁用偶氮染料超标的主要原因。欧盟REACH法规将在2008年6月生效实施。通过分析实施该法规后对我国纺织行业在进出口、竞争力和研发新产品等方面的影响，本文指出应当直面迎接欧盟REACH法规的挑战，及早做好充分准备，从容应对才是上策。重点讲述REACH法规中，欧盟对纺织品禁用偶氮染料的具体测定要求和方法。 关键词：纺织品；欧盟；禁用偶氮染料；REACH；对策 Abstract: The new 'Green Barriers',which were set up on international market for textiles and textile chemicals since from june 2003.EU countries build technical barriers through the effective tool of ecological textile standards.The thesis statistic and specialize the alert outlaw case of EU about in the several years of the prohibition against using Azo dyestuff in the product,this this paper emphasis analyzes the main reasons of detected the prohibition against using Azo dyestuff in the product.REACH by EU will become effective and put into effect in june 2008.The effect of REACH by EU on Chinese texile industry was further analyzed in aspects of exportation,importation,competitive power,creation of new products,and so on.It was pointed out that China should directly meet the Challenges of REACH by EU,and do sufficient preaparations in good season to deal with them.In the end,the paper describes specific requirements and methods of banned azo colourants in the textile in EU REACH Regulations. Keywords: Textiles; EU; banned azo colourants; REACH; measure
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NDPAT催化羧酸与硫醇的酯化反应研究_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 酯化反应简介1 1.2 酯化反应的催化剂4 1.3 硫醇简介9 2. 实验部分10 2.1 原料和仪器10 2.2 对硝基二苯胺的合成10 2.3 NDPAT的合成10 2.4 NDPAT催化羧酸与硫醇的反应10 3. 结果与讨论11 3.1 催化剂NDPAT的制备 11 3.2 NDPAT催化酯化反应的研究 11 3.3 NDPAT与其它催化剂催化活性的比较12 3.4 DPAT催化硫酯化反应的机理探讨13 4．总结与展望14 致谢15 参考文献16 附录A-质谱17 摘 要：本论文制备了一种新的催化剂—对硝基二苯胺三氟甲磺酸盐（4-(nitro)-diphenylammonium triflate ，NDPAT），并对NDPAT应用于催化等摩尔羧酸和硫醇的酯化反应进行了研究。结果表明，NDPAT可以有效催化等摩尔羧酸和硫醇的酯化反应，而且反应不需要脱水剂或除水装置。 关键词：对硝基二苯胺三氟甲磺酸盐；催化；酯化反应 Abstract: We prepared a new organic catalyst, 4-(nitro)-diphenylammonium triflate(NDPAT). It was found that NDPAT efficiently catalyzed estrification between equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and thiols in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Keywords：4-(nitro)-diphenylammonium triflate; Catalysis; Esterification
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水中三卤甲烷含量测定的方法研究_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 水污染概况1 1.2 国内外对挥发性有机物研究状况1 1.3 本实验任务2 2. 仪器与试剂3 2.1 仪器 3 2.2 试剂3 3. 实验部分4 3.1 方法装置与过程 4 3.2 操作步骤4 3.2.1 纯水的制备4 3.2.2 配制标准系列4 3.2.3 进样操作5 3.2.4 吹扫捕集条件的确定5 3.2.5 方法的选择性6 3.2.6 方法检出限与测定限的确定6 3.2.7 工作曲线制作6 3.2.8 方法精密度的测定7 3.2.9 方法准确度的测定7 3.2.10 水样采集和保存7 3.2.11 加标回收率的测定7 3.2.12 实际样品的测定7 4. 结果分析与讨论8 4.1 吹扫捕集条件的确定 8 4.2 方法的选择性 9 4.3 方法检出限与定量范围 10 4.4 标准曲线的制作 11 4.5 方法的精密度 14 4.6 方法的准确度 15 4.7 加标回收率的测定 16 4.8 实际样品的测定 18 5. 结论20 致谢21 参考文献22 摘 要:采用吹扫-捕集/气相色谱/电子捕获检测联用技术（P&T-GC/ECD）快速分析生活饮用水中多组分的微量三卤甲烷。对吹扫时间、解吸温度、解吸时间等吹扫-捕集条件进行优化，对分析方法的选择性、精密度、准确度、加标回收率进行验证，并对实际水样实测分析。本方法操作简单、省时，具有较高的灵敏度、准确度、精密度和较广的分析范围，方法的线性范围为10.0-100.0μg/L,相关系数在0.9987-0.9992之间，一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、三溴甲烷三种物质的检出限分别为1.759μg/L、1.138μg/L 、2.400μg/L。相对标准偏差均小于５％,加标回收率在97%-12%之间。结果表明本方法适用于饮用水中三卤甲烷的分析。 关键词: 吹扫—捕集；气相色谱；电子捕获检测器；三卤甲烷；水 Abstract: The method of purge and trap in combination with gas chromatographic/electron capture detection was established for the rapid determination of multi-component trace trihalomethane in drinking water simultaneously. The experimental conditions of P&T, such as Purge time, desorption temperature, desorption time were optimized. In addition , the selectivity, precision, accuracy and recovery of this analysis method were validated. The method is simple, time-saving, with high sensitivity, accuracy, precision and a wide linear range. The linear ranges were between 10.0-100.0μg/L, the correlation coefficients were between the 0.9987-0.9992. The detection limits of bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform were 1.759μg/L, 1.138μg/L, 2.400μg/L respectively. The relative standard deviations(RSD) were less than 5%. The average recoveries of the method were between 97%-112%. The results showed that the method was suitable for trace analysis of THMs in drinking water. Key word: Purge and Trap; Gas chromatography; ECD; THMs(Trihalomethane); Water
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蔬菜中农药残留检测方法的研究_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 目录……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 1 前言………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1农药残留概述……………………………………………………………………1 1.2 农产品农药残留快速检测现状……………………………………………… 2 1.3 课题研究的目的和意义……………………………………………………… 4 1.4 检测原理…………… …………………………………………………………4 2 实验部分………………… …………………………………………………………6 2.1 材料和方法…………… ………………………………………………………6 2.2 气相色谱分析条件…………… ………………………………………………7 2.3 有机磷类农药检测样品前处理……………………… ………………………7 2.4 有机氯类农药检测样品前处理………………………… ……………………8 3 结果与讨论………………………………………………………………………… 9 3.1 有机磷类农药检测的结果与讨论………………………………………… …9 3.2 有机氯类农药检测的结果与讨论…………………………………………… 12 4 结论与展望………………………………………………………………… …… 16 致谢………………………………………………………………………………… …17 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………… …18 摘要：本文建立了蔬菜中多种农药残留同时检测的毛细管气相色谱分析法，完成了蔬菜中有机磷、有机氯等17种农药残留的样品前处理及色谱分析方法研究。有机磷经丙酮提取，凝胶层析柱净化，HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱分离，火焰光检测器检测。有机氯类用乙酸乙酯—环己烷和凝胶净化柱提取净化，石英毛细管气相色谱（配ECD检测器）检测。实验结果表明，17种有机磷、有机氯类农药残留均获得良好分离，样品的加标回收率为79%- 110.14%，相对标准偏差为3.14%-11.69%,农药残留量色谱分析的线性关系良好满足定量分析要求。本法因其样品处理方便、净化效果好，方法准确、可靠，其精密度、准确度均能满足分析的要求,对蔬菜安全研究、过程分析及无公害蔬菜评价都具有广阔的应用前景。 关键词：有机磷;有机氯;农药残留;气相色谱 Abstract: This artical established the capillary GC analytica method in surveying manifold pesticides in vegetable at one time. completed the vegetables of organic phosphorus, organic chlorine 17 pesticide residues in the sample pre-treatment and chromatography analysis. Organic phosphorus by acetone extraction, gel column chromatography purification, HP-5 silica capillary column chromatography, flame-ray detector. Organic chlorine using ethyl acetate - cyclohexane and gel purification column extraction purification, quartz capillary gas chromatography (ECD allocation) detection. Experimental results show that 17 species of organic phosphorus, organic pesticides residues were well separated, samples in the range of 79% - 110.14%. The relative standard deviation of 3.14% -11.69% Pesticide residues chromatography analysis of the linear relationship was good to meet quantitative analysis requirements. Act because the sample processing, effective purification method is accurate, reliable, precision, accuracy can meet the requirements analysis, Vegetable security research, analysis and eva luation of pollution-free vegetables have broad application prospects. Keywords: Organic phosphorus; Organic chlorine; Pesticide residues; GC
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新己烯合成的研究与探讨_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 目录……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 1. 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 前言…………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1.1 研究此课题的意义…………………………………………………………1 1.1.2 物理化学性质………………………………………………………………1 1.1.3 主要用途……………………………………………………………………3 1.2 研究现状……………………………………………………………………………4 1.2.1 二聚异丁烯与乙烯的催化歧化法…………………………………………4 1.2.2 全甲基化法…………………………………………………………………5 1.2.3 3,3-二甲基-2-溴丁烷脱溴化氢法 ………………………………………6 1.2.4 烷烃脱氢法…………………………………………………………………7 1.2.5 卤代新己烷的卤化氢消除法 ……………………………………………8 1.3 本文的研究目标和主要内容………………………………………………………9 2. 实验部分…………………………………………………………………………………11 2.1 实验仪器与试剂 …………………………………………………………………11 2.2 实验步骤 …………………………………………………………………………11 2.2.1 3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇的合成………………………………………………11 2.2.2 2-氯-3,3-二甲基丁烷的合成……………………………………………12 2.2.3 新己烯的合成 ……………………………………………………………13 2.2.3.1醇的失水制备新己烯………………………………………………13 2.2.3.2卤代烷消除卤化氢制备新己烯 ……………………………………13 2.3 分析方法和指标计算 ……………………………………………………………14 3. 结果与讨论………………………………………………………………………………15 3.1 3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇的合成………………………………………………………15 3.1.1 还原剂及其用量的影响 …………………………………………………15 3.1.2 溶剂比及其用量的影响 …………………………………………………16 3.1.3 投料比的影响………………………………………………………………17 3.1.4 反应温度的影响……………………………………………………………17 3.1.5 反应时间的影响……………………………………………………………18 3.1.6 优化条件试验结果…………………………………………………………18 3.1.7 小结…………………………………………………………………………19 3.2 2-氯-3,3-二甲基丁烷的合成 ……………………………………………………19 3.2.1 不同配比的影响……………………………………………………………19 3.2.2 温度的影响…………………………………………………………………19 3.2.3 优化条件试验结果…………………………………………………………20 3.2.4 小结…………………………………………………………………………20 3.3 新己烯的合成………………………………………………………………………21 3.3.1 醇的失水制备新己烯………………………………………………………21 3.3.2 卤代烷消除卤化氢制备新己烯……………………………………………22 3.3.3 小结…………………………………………………………………………23 4. 总结与展望 ………………………………………………………………………………24 4.1 总结 ………………………………………………………………………………24 4.2 展望…………………………………………………………………………………25 致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………26 参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………27 附录A……………………………………………………………………………………………29 摘要：新己烯是重要的有机中间体，广泛应用于香料和农用化学品等的合成中。本文在查阅大量文献资料的基础上，对几种新己烯的合成路线进行综合分析和比较，提出了两条合成路线，并对路线进行初步研究探讨。第一条是两步合成：即用频哪酮在硼氢化钠作用下还原合成3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇,然后通过脱水,合成新己烯；第二条是三步合成：即用频哪酮在硼氢化钠作用下还原合成3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇后，再将醇转化为2-氯-3,3-二甲基丁烷，最后经消除氯化氢得到新己烯。本文重点研究探讨了两条路线的合成方法和工艺。在讨论并通过实验验证后，最终确定新己烯的合成路线为三步合成。 关键词：新己烯；3,3-二甲基-2-丁醇；2-氯-3,3-二甲基丁烷；脱水反应；消除反应 Abstract：Neohexene is an important intermediate of fine chemical, is widely applied in the chemical synthesis of aromatics and agrochemicals. Two synthesis route were proposed based on literatures and comprehensive comparison. One is through two-step synthesis process: pinacolone is firstly reduced by sodium borohydride to 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-butanol, which then is dehydrated to give neohexene. The other involves three steps: first, pinacolone reacts with sodium borohydride to get 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-butanol, which is then converted to 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane, and from which the hydrogen chloride is finally removed to obtain neohexene. The aim of this work is to investigate the process conditions for the two routes of neohexene synthesis. In the final analysis, the three-step method is determined as the propriate synthesis route for neohexene. key word：Neohexene; 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol; 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane; Dehydration; Elimination
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锁阳中多糖的提取工艺研究_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 锁阳简介1 1.1.1 锁阳的生物学特征1 1.1.2 锁阳的生态分布1 1.1.3 锁阳的主要成分2 1.2 锁阳的功能2 1.2.1 润肠通便作用3 1.2.2 清除自由基的作用3 1.2.3 抑制血小板聚集3 1.2.4 类糖皮质激素的调节作用3 1.2.5 对免疫功能的影响 4 1.2.6 抗爱滋病毒蛋白酶的活性4 1.3锁阳产品的研究现状和发展前景4 1.3.1 锁阳的研究现状4 1.3.2 锁阳的发展前景5 2. 实验部分6 2.1 主要仪器6 2.2 实验试剂和材料6 2.3 实验方法6 2.3.1 锁阳提取液中总糖含量的测定7 2.3.2 锁阳多糖提取方法的建立7 2.3.3 锁阳多糖提取液蛋白质含量测定及脱蛋白法的选择8 3. 实验结果与讨论11 3.1 锁阳多糖提取的实验结果11 3.1.1 锁阳中总糖的标准曲线11 3.1.2 锁阳多糖提取率的影响因素11 3.1.3 锁阳中多糖提取正交试验的结果13 3.2 锁阳多糖提取液脱蛋白方法的研究14 3.2.1 蛋白质标准曲线14 3.2.2 锁阳多糖提取液脱蛋白的影响因素15 4．总结与展望21 4.1 总结21 4.2 展望21 致谢22 参考文献23 摘要：锁阳为锁阳科根寄生植物锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.) 的干燥肉质茎, 生长于多沙地带, 寄生于白刺(Nitra riasibirica Pall) 的根部。近些年关于锁阳的研究主要集中在药理，物化性质等方面的分析，但对于提取工艺研究却很少有报道。本文通过进行单因素试验和正交试验确定了一个锁阳多糖的最佳提取工艺.结果显示在物料比为15：1，浸提时间为2h，提取温度90℃时锁阳多糖含量最高。同时对锁阳多糖提取液脱蛋白的方法进行了研究，以蛋白脱除率及多糖损失率为评价指标，对几种常见的脱蛋白方法进行了比较，确定了锁阳多糖的最佳脱蛋白方法为酶与Sevag结合法,从而为锁阳的活性成分开发提供基础资料。 关键词：锁阳；多糖；提取工艺 Abstract：Cynomorium is Cynomorium Branch root parasitic plant Cynomorium (Cynomorium songaricum Rupr) of the meat dry stems, growing in sandy areas, parasitic in the white thorn (Nitra riasibirica Pall) of the roots. Cynomorium in recent years on the study mainly concentrated in pharmacology, physical and chemical nature of the analysis, but the extraction process on very few reports. Through a single factor orthogonal test pilot and a Cynomorium polysaccharide determine the best extraction process showed that the ratio of 15:1 in the material, the extraction time is 2 h, from the temperature at 90 ℃ polysaccharide content of the highest Cynomorium . At the same time, Cynomorium polysaccharide extract protein from the methods of the study to removal of protein and polysaccharide loss rate for the eva luation of several common methods of removing protein were compared to determine the Cynomorium polysaccharide The best method for removing protein enzyme and Sevag with law, so as to the active ingredient Cynomorium provide the basis for the development of information. Key words：Cynomorium songaricum Rupr；polysaccharides；extraction process
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Claisen缩合合成三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要...............................................................Ⅰ 英文摘要...............................................................Ⅱ 目录...................................................................Ⅲ 1.绪论.................................................................1 1.1 前言............................................................1 1.2 研究现状........................................................2 1.2.1以氢化钠作为催化剂.........................................2 1.2.2以金属钠作催化剂...........................................2 1.2.3以乙醇钠为催化剂...........................................2 1.3 实验设计........................................................4 2.实验部分.............................................................5 2.1 实验材料........................................................5 2.1.1 实验试剂..................................................5 2.1.2 实验仪器..................................................5 2.2 反应原理........................................................6 2.3 实验步骤........................................................6 2.3.1 缩合......................................................6 2.3.2 中和......................................................7 2.3.3 乙酰化....................................................7 2.3.4 分离纯化..................................................7 3.结果与讨论...........................................................8 3.1 对缩合过程中各因素的探讨........................................8 3.1.1不同催化剂对收率的影响.....................................8 3.1.2不同催化剂量对收率的影响...................................8 3.1.3不同溶剂对收率的影响.......................................9 3.1.4 不同反应时间对收率的影响..................................10 3.2 对中和过程中各因素的探讨........................................10 3.2.1不同酸对收率的影响........................................10 3.3 对乙酰化过程各因素的探讨........................................11 3.3.1 不同乙酰氯量对收率的影响..................................11 3.4 产物的表征......................................................12 4.总结与展望............................................................15 致谢....................................................................17 参考文献................................................................18 摘 要： 三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯是合成氟杂环医药和农药的中间体。本文阐述了以三氟乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙酯为原料，在碱性催化剂下进行Claisen缩合，并用质子酸进行中和，乙酰化等步骤合成三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯的方法。对合成三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯的反应条件进行了优化探讨，结果表明实验的最佳反应条件为：以环己烷为溶剂，1.2当量的金属钠为催化剂，反应物摩尔比为1：1.5，缩合反应时间为4小时，甲酸中和，以1当量的乙酰氯进行乙酰化，最后得到的收率为78%。 关键字：三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯；Claisen缩合; 乙酰化 Abstract: Ethyl-trifluoroacetoacetate is used as important intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical or plant protection industry. This paper describe a way of preparation of ethyl-trifluoroacetoacetate by following steps . In the first step, ethyl-trifluoroacetate condensed with ethyl acetate in the presence of alkaline catalyst. The follow steps are neutralization and acetylation, then optimize the reaction conditions of the preparation of ethyl-trifluoroacetoacetate. The study show that the optimal reaction conditions as following: cyclohexane as solvent, 1.2 equivalent of sodium for catalyst, reactant molar ratio is 1 : 1.5, condensation reaction for 4 hours, formic acid for neutralization and 1 equivalent of chloride for acetylation, the yield of ethyl-trifluoroacetoacetate is 78%. Keywords: Ehyltrifluoroacetoacetate;；Claisen condensation；Acetylation
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鲨鱼软骨中提取硫酸软骨素的工艺比较_制药工程论文范文
制药工程论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 硫酸软骨素的现阶段研究状况1 1.1.1 硫酸软骨素的物理性质1 1.1.2 硫酸软骨素的化学性质2 1.1.3 硫酸软骨素的生物活性3 1.2 硫酸软骨素的药理作用3 1.2.1 抗关节炎作用3 1.2.2 免疫抑制作用3 1.2.3 调脂、降脂和抗动脉粥样硬化作用4 1.2.4 抗凝作用4 1.2.5 神经元的保护和修复作用4 1.3 硫酸软骨素的应用4 1.3.1 医学4 1.3.2 食品5 1.3.3 化妆品5 1.4 硫酸软骨素的提取和检测5 1.4.1 硫酸软骨素的提取5 1.4.2 硫酸软骨素的检测9 2. 实验部分10 2.1 实验试剂与仪器10 2.2 原理预处理11 2.3 含氮量分析12 3. 结果与讨论13 3.1 影响酶解反应的因素13 3.1.1 反应温度的影响13 3.1.2 反应pH值的影响14 3.1.3 双酶加量的影响15 3.2 双酶解条件的优化15 4．总结与展望16 4.1 结论16 4.2 展望17 致谢18 参考文献19 摘 要：随着空气、水质、土壤等环境因素的日益恶化，人类身体健康受到巨大的危害。当今世界人类死亡的头号杀手——癌症，已在我们的生活中时常见到。研发抗癌药物是当今医学界的一项重要工作。研究发现鲨鱼软骨中提取的硫酸软骨素，对许多疾病有很好疗效，有很高的开发利用价值．因此，如何提高鲨鱼硫酸软骨素工业化生产中的产品得率、降低生产成本，已引起工业界的广泛重视。 本文选用碱解-双酶解相结合的方法，考察了温度、、双酶加量等对提取物中含氮量的影响。结果表明：温度为，值，双酶加量的条件下得到的硫酸软骨素含氮量最低。该工艺反应条件温和，污染环境小，便于推广，具有工业化批量生产的实用价值。 关键词:硫酸软骨素;提取; 工艺比较 Abstract:With the increasing deterioration of environmental factors such as air, water and oil, human health hazards are enormous. The world's first killer to human death – cancer can be often seen in our life and reasearch and development on anticancer drugs has been an important task in medical field. The foundation that chondroitin sulfate extracted from shark cartilage has a good efficacy against many diseases, which have high economic value, make the manner of how to improve industrial production of shark chondroitin sulfate and reduce production costs in the product yield cause wide attention in industry. Through the combined method of Alkaline Hydrolysis and both enzymatic hydrolysis, the influence on extract’s nitrogen content of temperature, and pancreas enzyme increment can be detected. It is resulted that the lowest nitrogen content of chondroitin sulfate can be reached with the temprature of , of and pancreas enzyme increment of . This craft has mild response condition and little pollution, besides, it is easy to be pomoted. All of this make it have practical value in industrialized mass production. Keywords：Sulfuric acid chondroitin; Extraction; Process Comparison
