-
基于ANSYS的直线电机温度场计算_电气工程论文范文
电气工程论文 目录 摘要I AbstractII 第1章 绪论1 1.1 课题背景1 1.2 国内外现状1 第2章 传热学3 2.1 传热学的基本定律3 2.1.1 概述3 2.1.2 热传导定律3 2.1.3 热传导方程5 2.1.4 对流和辐射散热6 2.1.5 牛顿散热定律和散热系数7 2.2 电机稳定温升的计算8 2.2.1 电机中的温度分布8 2.2.2 用热路法计算电机的平均温升9 2.2.3 用简化法计算电机的平均温升14 2.3 本章小结15 第3章 有限单元法在传热学中的应用16 3.1 有限单元法的概述16 3.2 有内热源轴对称稳定温度场16 3.3 有限单元法的单元分析17 3.3.1 有内热源轴对称稳定温度场17 3.3.1.1 单元变分计算的格式17 3.3.1.2 温度插值函数17 3.4 有限元离散化17 3.5 有限单元法的总体合成18 3.6 应用计算机的有限元分析18 3.7 本章小结19 第4章 计算过程与计算结果20 4.1 ANSYS软件简介20 4.2 直线异步电动机的结构21 4.2.1 直线异步电动机的结构型式21 4.2.1.1 圆筒型直线电机的原理与结构21 4.3 圆筒型直线电机的基础数据和数据计算22 4.4 利用ANSYS计算直线电机的温度场25 4.5 本章小结30 结论31 致谢32 参考文献33 摘要 直线电机与旋转电机相比，可算是一种较新颖的电机，主要是由于直线电机没有齿轮传动或者从旋转到直线运动的变换装置，是一种能将电机直接转换成直线运动机械能的电力传动装置。这种传动装置尽管早在19世纪就有人提出，且实际生活中也存在着许多需要直线运动的场合，但过去很长时期以来，由于直线电机除本身在理论上和技术尚不够完善外，主要是因为没有发挥直线电机的长处，避免和克服它的短处，因此在需要直线运动的场合中，其驱动源几乎全部是采用技术上早已成熟的旋转电机。实践证明，直线电机只有向着其它驱动装置有困难，经济上不合算的领域发展，才能找到直线电机独特的应用领域。和旋转电机相比，直线电机的传动形式有明显的优势，如结构简单、无接触、无磨损、噪声低、速度快、精度高等。近年，随着工业加工质量和运动定位精度等要求的提高，直线电机广泛地应用在许多领域[1]。因此，本文对直线电机进行了研究。 本论文研究的是利用ANSYS软件计算直线电机温度场。本论文以钢次级圆筒型直线异步电动机为例。在学习了直线电机的有关知识，认真学习了有限元原理和传热学的知识后，利用ANSYS软件计算直线电机的温度场。建立了比较完整的理论分析模型和计算方法，对直线电机的设计与优化有着重要意义。 关键词 有限元；温度场 ；直线电机；二维温度场 Linear Motor Based on ANSYS calculation of temperature field Abstract Linear motor, compared with the rotating motor can be a relatively new motor, is mainly due to the linear motor no gear transmission or rotated to linear motion from the transform device, is a motor can be directly convert linear motion mechanical power transmission device. This kind of transmission device despite earlier in the 19th century, and put forward some practical life exists many need linear motion, but very long period, due to the linear motor in theory and technology in itself is not perfect, mainly because no play linear motor strengths, avoided or overcome shortcomings, so it needs straight-line movement in its drive occasion, almost all is the source of the mature technology in rotating machines. Practice has proved, linear motor drive towards other only have difficulty, economic development, the field not economical to find the linear motor unique applications. Compared to rotating motor，the linear motor has obvious advantages: such as simple structure, no contact or abrasion, low noise, high speed, high accuracy and so on.In recent years, along with the requestment for industrial processing quality and precision of movement location, the linear motor has been widely used in many situations. Therefore, the linear motor is studied in this paper. This study is the use of ANSYS software to calculate the temperature field of linear motor. In this thesis, the secondary steel cylindrical linear induction motor as an example. In the study of the linear motor of the knowledge, to seriously study the finite element theory and heat transfer of knowledge, the use of ANSYS software to calculate the temperature field of linear motors. Establishes a relatively complete theoretical analysis model and calculation method of linear motor, the design and optimization of great significance. Keywords FEM；Heart transfer；Linear motor；Two-dimensional temperature field 不要删除行尾的分节符，此行不会被打印
-
自动干手器电子线路设计_电气工程论文范文
电气工程论文 摘 要 在当今社会，随着电子技术的发展和时代的进步，人们越来越注重生活上的卫生状况。节能环保型的自动干手器是一种高档卫生洁具。广泛应用于宾馆酒店、公厕等等公共场所的洗手间。 干手器的工作原理是采用一种红外线感应的电路开关，当有人手伸过来时，红外线开关将电热吹风机自动打开，人离开时又自动将吹风机关闭。干手器自动感应基本电路是由电源电路、555定时开关电路、红外发射和接收电路、信号处理电路及风机电路等组成。 在设计的过程中我对555定时电路的应用有了详细的了解，学到了课堂上无法学到的东西。通过实践我还对自己所学的各个方面的知识进行了总结，提高了自我学习能力和获取新知识的能力。通过对线路的设计节使我提高了发现问题、解决问题的能力，并且对问题的观察比以前更加敏锐了，考虑问题也更加全面了。 关键词：干手器；555定时开关；红外线 目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………..……………...I Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..………...Ⅱ 1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………..…..1 1.2 干手器的分类。…………………………………………………………………....1 1.3 设计的整体框架…………………………………………………………………....2 1.4 设计要求………………………………………………………………………..…..2 2 电源电路设计……………………………………………………………………..…….3 2.1 电源电路设计框图……………………………………………………………….... 2 2.2 电源电路的组成部分及功能…………………………………………..…………...3 2.2.1 电源变压…………………………………………………………………......3 2.2.2 整流电路…………………………………………………………………......3 2.2.3 滤波电路……………………………………………………………………..4 2.2.4 稳压电路…………………………………………………..………..……......5 3 555定时电路在设计中的应用………………….…….....…………………………..6 3.1 555定时器的工作原理…………………………………………………………….6 3.2 555定时器的典型应用……………………………………………………………..7 3.2.1 单稳态触发器……………………………………………………………......8 3.2.2 多谐振荡器………………………………………………………………......9 3.2.3 占空比可调多谐振荡器……………………………………………………..10 3.2.4 施密特触发器……………………………………………………………......10 3.3 干手器定时开关电路设计………………………………………………………….11 4 红外线自动控制电路设计……………………………………………………………13 4.1 红外线简介………………………………………………………………………….13 4.1.1 红外辐射及近红外光波谱………………………………………………......13 4.1.2 近红外光作为红外探测、遥控的光源的理由……………………………..13 4.2 红外线自动控制的方式…………………………………………………………….15 4.2.1 自动控制定义……………………………………………………………......15 4.2.2 红外线光电开关……………………………………………………………..15 4.3 红外线自动控制的应用…………………………………………………………….16 4.4 红外线自动控制电路的设计……………………………………………………….17 4.4.1红外线发射电路设计………………………………………………………….17 4.4.2红外线接受及信号处理电路设计…………………………………………….19 5 自动干手器电子线路设计………………………………………………….…………20 5.1 热风电路的设计…………………………………………………………………….20 5.2 自动干手器电子线路图设计……………………………………………………….21 6 总结………………………………………………………………………………………...22 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………......23 参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………….24 Abstract In modern society, along with electronic technology's development and the time progress, now society's people more and more pay great attention in the life the hygiene condition. The energy conservation environmental protection automatic hand-dryer are one kind of upscale hygienic sanitary equipment, widely applies in the guesthouse hotel, the public toilet and so on public place washroom. Operation principle of hand-dryer is using an induction infrared circuit switch. When the hand is offered, infrared switch will open the electric dryer automatically. When people leave, the dryer will close automatically. The basic circuit of hand dryer’s auto-induction make up of power supply circuit, 555 timer switch circuit, infrared transmitting and receiving circuit, signal processing circuits and fan circuit. In the process of designing 555 timer circuit I have a detailed understanding of the classroom can not be learned learned. Through practice I also learned of their knowledge of all aspects of a summary, improved self-learning ability and the ability to obtain new knowledge. Through the design, I found to improve the problem, problem-solving skills, and observation of the problem more acute than before, and to consider the issue more comprehensive. Keywords：hand-dryer; 555 time cut-outs; infrared
-
某地区110KV降压变电站设计
目 录 摘 要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ 1 绪 论---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.1 设计背景-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.2 电力系统及变电站原始资料-----------------------------------------------------------1 1.3 设计步骤及任务----------------------------------------------------------------------3 2 负荷资料统计-------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2.1 负荷的分析--------------------------------------------------------------------------4 2.2 负荷计算-----------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3 变电站主变压器的选择---------------------------------------------------------------7 3.1 设计原则-----------------------------------------------------------------------------7 3.2 主变容量与补偿计算------------------------------------------------------------------7 3.3 无功补偿设计------------------------------------------------------------------------9 3.4 主变型式的选择---------------------------------------------------------------------11 3.5 变压器中性点接地方式和设备的选择-------------------------------------------------12 3.6 所用变设计-------------------------------------------------------------------------13 3.7 电力变压器的功率损耗--------------------------------------------------------------14 4 电气主接线设计----------------------------------------------------------------------15 4.1 电气主接线设计原则与方法----------------------------------------------------------15 5 短路电流计算------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1 短路电流计算目的-------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.2 短路电流计算的一般规定------------------------------------------------------------18 5.3 短路电流计算的步骤----------------------------------------------------------------18 5.4 短路电流计算过程-------------------------------------------------------------------19 6 变电所进出线及母线选择-----------------------------------------------------------25 6.1 配电所母线选择---------------------------------------------------------------------25 6.2 110KV高压架空线的选型与截面选择-------------------------------------------------26 6.3 10KV电缆选择-----------------------------------------------------------------------27 7 主要电气设备选择-------------------------------------------------------------------29 7.1 110KV侧断路器，隔离开关选择------------------------------------------------------29 7.2 10KV侧断路器，隔离开关选择-------------------------------------------------------31 7.3 电流互感器选择---------------------------------------------------------------------34 7.4 电压互感器选择---------------------------------------------------------------------35 7.5 电气设备选择一览表----------------------------------------------------------------36 8 总 结-----------------------------------------------------------------------------38 致 谢--------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 附录----------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 摘 要 毕业设计是对所学知识的一次综合性运用，能够加深我们对基础知识的理解，为以后的工作打下良好基础。变电站的一次接线指的是对用户供电的部分。其中，对外供电的部分称为主接线。为了变电站的生产和工作人员的生活对内供电的部分称为站用电接线。本设计严格遵循变电所电气部分的设计原则。通过对电气主接线的设计和计算、所用电的设计和计算、短路电流的计算、电气设备的选择和校验以及配电装置的设计，完成了对所给（110KV）变电所的电气一次部分的设计。 由于条件的限制，本次毕业设计对变电站电气一次部分作了较详细的设计，而对于电气二次部分进行了省略，希望在以后的学习和工作中可以进行更深入的研究。 关键词：供电、主接线、设计、选择和校验 Abstract Graduation project is a syntheses handle to the knowledge that we have learned. It can strengthen the comprehension to the basic knowledge and it is a favorable foundation to the work.. The primary distribution system of the substation refer versus user running part. The external power supply part is called main connection. The inter power supply part ,which supply for the work of transformer substation and for the workers’ life is called substation supply connection.This design follows the design principles of electric part of the substation strictly. Through the medium of designing and reckoning the electric main connection, designing and counting house supply, counting short-circuit current, selecting and verifying electrical equipment as well as designing switching arrangement, it have accomplished the design of the primary distribution system of the （110KV）substation that have been given. Because of restrict of some conditions, in this dissertation, only the primary distribution system of the substation is designed, and the secondary distribution system, this paper have omited to do it, I looking forward to doing further study in the future. Keywords：power supply，main connection，designation，choose and checkout
-
艺术机械手电路和模型的研制_电气工程论文范文
电气工程论文 目 录 摘 要I AbstractII 绪 论1 1.1 机器手最显著的特点1 1.2 机器手的应用与发展1 2 总体设计方案4 2.1机器手的构成4 2.2机械手的总体方案5 3 机械手的结构组成6 3.1电机的选择6 3.1.1机器手驱动方案的对比分析及选择6 3.1.2步进电机简介7 3.1.3步进电动机的特点8 3.1.4步进电机控制原理8 3.2驱动器的选择8 3.2.1驱动器构成8 3.2.2驱动器SAA1042概述9 3.2.3 SAA1042的主要技术特点9 3.2.4 SAA1042的引脚说明及工作原理10 3.2.5 机械手驱动器SAA1042的应用12 3.3控制芯片16F87713 3.3.1单片机16F877优势13 3.3.2 单片机主要性能及外围特征14 3.3.3 PIC 16F877X系列单片机端口及寄存器15 3.4软件集成开发环境MAPLAB16 3.4.1 软件集成开发环境MAPLAB的简介16 3.4.2工程项目的建立16 3.5机械手电力拖动的分析17 3.5.1机械手拖动系统的组成17 3.5.2直线运动方程式18 3.5.3 单轴系统的旋转运动方程18 3.5.4 多轴电力拖动系统20 3.5.5 转矩折算21 4 机械手的制作23 4.1硬件电路的设计23 4.2 机械手模型制作25 4.2.1机械手的总体模型25 4.2.2手指制作26 5 总 结31 致 谢32 参考文献33 附1 附2 附3 摘 要 机器人技术是近30年来迅速发展起来的一门新兴技术，它代表了机电一体化的最高成就。 机械手能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬运物件或操作工具的自动操作装置。它可代替人的繁重劳动以实现生产的机械化和自动化，能在有害环境下操作以保护人身安全，因而广泛应用于机械制造、冶金、电子、轻工和原子能等部门。整个系统由机器手，机器臂，关节，步进电机驱动系统等组成。通过各自由度步进电机的驱动，完成机器手，机器臂的位置变化。从机械部分的工作原理，硬件接口的设计以及软件部分的编写三个方面分别进行了详细的论述。 关键词: 机械手；运动学；单片机；步进电机 Abstract Technology of Robot is a new technology which has developed rapidly for about 30 years. It delegates the tiptop achievement of the system of mechanics and electronics. The machinist can imitate the manpower and arm's certain holding function, with by presses the fixed routine to capture, the transporting thing 'OR' operation tool's automatic operation installment. It may replace person's strenuous labor to realize the production mechanization and the automation, can operate under the hostile environment protects the personal safety, thus widely applies in departments and so on machine manufacture, metallurgy, electron, light industry and atomic energy.The whole system is composed of manipulator hand, manipulator arm, joints and stepper motor driving system. By stepper motor’s driving of each degree of freedom, it completes location change of manipulator hand and manipulator arm.particularlydiscusses principle of mechanism，design of hardware interface，and programme of software Keywords: Mechanical arms;Inematics; MCU PIC;Step motor
-
塑料制品厂全厂总配电所及配电系统初步设计
目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .……………I 1.绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 选题的背景及其意义……………………………………………………………..1 1.1.1 电能的特点及工厂变电所的作用………………………………………………1 1.1.2 电力系统的发展概况……………………………………………………………2 2 主要任务及原始资料分析………………………………………………………………3 2.1 原始数据………………………………………………………….…………………..3 2.2 供电协议………………………………………………………….... . ………………3 3 负荷计算的意义及相关参数的计算………………………………………….5 3.1 负荷计算的意义……………………………………………………………………...5 3.2 参数的计算……………………………………………………………………………5 3.3 数值计算………………………………………………………………………………6 4 变压器的台数、容量和类型的选择………………………………………….11 4.1 变压器的介绍………………………………………………………………………...11 4.2变压器的选择………………………………………………………………………….12 5 电气主接线……………………………………………………………………………….14 5.1 电气主接线的意义及重要性……………………………………………………....14 5.2 电气主接线…………………………………………………………………………15 6 短路电流的计算………………………………………………………………………..16 6.1高压侧短路电流………………………………………………………………………16 7高压设备选择…………………………………………………………………....18 7.1 高压电缆选择……………………………………………………………...18 7.2 高压断路器选择…………………………………………………………………....18 7.3 互感器选择……………………………………………………………………….....19 8 整定保护计算………………………………………………………………….20 9 防雷与接地…………………………………………………………………….23 9.1接地的概念…………………………………………………………………………...23 9.2地网简介……………………………………………………….................23 9.3土壤电阻率和接地电阻……………………………………………………………..25 10 总结…………………………………………………………………………..26 致谢………………………………………………………………………………..27 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………..28 摘 要 塑料制品厂企业内采用何种供配电方式,既能满足生产需要,又能使供配电系统安全、可靠、经济、合理地运行是摆在我们面前急需解决的新问题。本文根据10kV进线塑料制品厂企业供配电特点,介绍了10kV进线塑料制品厂企业内主要的供配电方式,并对其进行了较 详细的分析。对全厂总负荷进行计算分组，全厂负荷的计算以及无功补偿来拟定变压器的容量、台数以及型号，来计算出有功、无功及视在功率，完成功率因数的计算，完成电气主接线图的设计，再进行短路电流的计算，完成电缆电线的型号进行选择及校验，完成高压设备的选择，进行继电保护整定计算，灵敏度的检验，防雷与接地的设计。 关键词: 10kV进线 企业供配电 负荷 Abstract Plastic products factory enterprises used for distribution, which can meet the needs of production, distribution systems make for a safe, reliable, economic and reasonable operation is before us of the urgent need to solve new problems. Based on the 10 kV line into plastic products factory for the distribution characteristics of enterprises, on the 10 kV line into plastic products factory enterprises within the main power supply, and gain a more detailed analysis. The whole plant to calculate the total load group, all members of the plant load calculation and reactive power compensation to develop the capacity of transformers, Taiwan and several models to calculate the active, reactive and apparent power, power factor completed, the completion of the main electrical Diagram of the design, conduct further short-circuit current calculation, the completion of cable wires and a selection of the model calibration, high-pressure equipment to complete the selection, a relay coordination, the sensitivity of the test, mine and the grounding of the design Key Words: Progressive 10kV Distribution lines for enterprises Load
-
高转差率异步发电机的温度场分析_电气工程论文范文
电气工程论文 目录 摘要I AbstractII 第1章 绪论5 1.1 课题研究的意义5 1.2 国内外研究现状6 1.3 本论文的主要工作7 第2章 传热学原理9 2.1 传热学的基本定律和导热微分方程9 2.2 导热微分方程的边界条件12 2.3 本章小结13 第3章 高转差率异步发电机的有限元原理14 3.1 有限元法概述14 3.2 二维场的有限元法分析14 3.2.1 有限单元法的单元分析15 3.2.2 有限单元法的总体合成15 3.2.3 有限单元法的代数解算和电子计算机16 3.2.4 代数结算16 3.3 三维稳态温度场的有限元分析16 3.3.1 三维稳态温度场的变分表达16 3.3.2 变分问题的离散及有限元方程的形成17 3.4 本章小结19 第4章 高转差率异步发电机相关参数的计算20 4.1 电机内的发热源20 4.1.1 铁芯损耗20 4.1.2 绕组损耗20 4.1.3 机械损耗21 4.2 电机材料的导热系数21 4.3 电机各部件的散热系数23 4.4 本章小结25 第5章 高转差率异步发电机温度场的有限元分析26 5.1 大型有限元计算分析软件ANSYS简介主要技术特点26 5.1.1 ANSYS软件的主要优点26 5.1.2 ANSYS在求解温度场方面的应用27 5.2 高转差率异步发电机二维温度场仿真27 5.2.1 160kw-6型高转差发电机数据27 5.2.2 高转差率异步发电机二维数学模型28 5.3 高转差率异步发电机转子三维数学模型29 5.4 本章小结35 结论36 致谢37 参考文献38 摘要 随着风力发电的迅速发展，对高转差率异步发电机的单机容量和运行安全性提出了更高的要求。单机容量以及各项技术指标不断增加，引起电机各部分温度升高，这直接影响电机的使用寿命和运行的安全可靠性，所以对现代电机的发热与冷却问题进行研究显得日益重要。 在高转差率异步发电机的设计中，合理掌控电机稳态时的温升和其他各项指标，是电机研发成功与否的重要因素。在电机设计阶段，只有初步计算电机的温度分布和相关部件所限制的平均温升，才能对风机的热处理进行研究，进而使设计方案更加先进合理。 本文以160kW-6型电机为研究对象，对电机内温度场进行耦合分析。根据传热学理论，首先建立了电机二维温度场的模型，其次建立了电机转子部分三维温度场的模型，给出了电机损耗及散热系数的计算方法。应用有限元软件ANSYS进行计算分析。最后分析了转差率变化对电机温度场分布的影响，以及有效的散热方法，得出了一些有益的结论。 关键词 温度场；高转差率异步发电机；有限元法；ANSYS Analysis on the temperature field in high slip induction generator Abstract With the fast development of wind power, the unit capacity and running safety of high slip induction generator is expected to reach a higher level. The higher temperature of each part of motor caused by the increase of unit capacity and technical indicators directly affects motor’s service life, operating safety and reliability. Thus, it is increasingly essential to research on heating and cooling for modern motor. For designing high slip induction generator, it is decisive to soundly control motor’s steady-state temperature rise and other indicators. In the period of motor designing, only preliminarily calculating the temperature distribution of the motor and average temperature rise limited by related components, can thermal treatment for wind generator be researched. In this way, design solutions can be more rational. This paper studies 160kw-6 motor, making coupling analysis on temperature field inside motor. According to heat transfer theory, this paper firstly build up a motor’s two-dimensional temperature field model, and secondly rotator’s partial three-dimensional temperature field model，offering calculation method for motor loss and thermal coefficient by applying the finite element software ANSYS to calculate and analyze. To sum up, this paper comes to useful conclusions by analyzing the slip change’s effects on motor temperature field distribution and useful cooling method. Keywords Temperature field; High slip induction generator; Finite element; ANSYS 不要删除行尾的分节符，此行不会被打印
-
连续调速方式空调系统顶置控制器_电气工程论文
电气工程论文 目 录 摘 要II AbstractIII 1 绪 论1 2 总体方案设计2 2.1 系统总体结构2 2.2 系统硬件结构2 2.3 系统总体软件结构3 3 客车空调系统4 3.1 客车空调系统的组成4 3.2 客车空调系统的工作原理4 4 PIC18F2580单片机5 4.1 PIC18F2580系统硬件概况5 4.1.1 内核及外围模块5 4.1.2 内核结构的特点6 4.1.3 中断机制6 4.2 EUSART通信模块7 4.3 定时器8 4.4 模数转换器模块9 4.5 ECAN模块10 5 硬件功能模块及软件介绍11 5.1 主要硬件功能模块简介11 5.1.1 复位电路11 5.1.2 DC/DC变换功能芯片3406311 5.1.3 MAX485芯片13 5.1.4 PCA82C250芯片14 5.2 软件设计15 5.2.1 系统控制要求15 5.2.2 RS485通讯16 5.2.3 CAN通讯17 5.2.4 程序设计18 5.2.5 风机驱动器模拟软件25 6 系统的调试26 6.1 硬件电路调试26 6.2 软件调试26 6.3 系统的改进方向26 7 总 结27 致 谢28 参考文献29 附录 车顶控制器原理图、PCB图及实物图30 摘 要 近年来，随着私家车数量的急剧增加，道路拥挤状况日益加剧，越来越多的人选择城市公交客车作为他们的出行代步工具。城市公共交通在我国城市交通中占有重要的地位, 是同我国城市居民生产、生活等活动密切相关的系统，而客车的空调系统好坏直接关系到乘客在乘坐时的舒适性。随着国内客车行业的发展，对空调系统的要求日益提高。单片机控制技术在客车电子中的应用日渐广泛，它显著提高了客车的智能化控制水平和安全性能。但是，目前客车空调大多还是以传统式的预置式车用空调，与汽车工业的发展不相适宜。而此次设计的顶置控制器将采用高性价比单片机PIC，运用嵌入式智能控制和通信总线技术，同时拥有无级风速变换、换新风等功能，保证在各种外界气候和条件下使乘客都处于一个舒适的空气环境中，使驾驶员保持清晰的视野，为安全驾驶提供基本保证。 关键词：PIC；总线技术；空调 Abstract In recent years, with the number of private cars increased dramatically and the increasing road congestion, more and more people select a city bus travel as their means of transport. Urban public transport in urban traffic in China plays an important role. And it also is the system that is closely related to China's urban residents with the production, life and other activities. The quality of the air-conditioning system is directly related to the passengers at the time of ride comfort. With the development of the domestic passenger car industry, the requirements for the air-conditioning systems increase. Single-chip bus electronic control technology in the increasingly wide range of applications, it significantly increased the level of intelligent control of passenger vehicles and safety performance. However, most of the current passenger car air-conditioning is pre-conventional car with air conditioning, and is not suitable for development of automotive industry. And the overhead of the controller design will be cost-effective single-chip PIC, the use of embedded intelligent control and communication bus technology, at the same time have the stepless speed change, replaced the wind and other functions, to ensure that the outside world in a variety of climate and conditions so that passengers are in a comfortable air environment, to enable the driver to maintain a clear field of vision, in order to provide the basic guarantee for safe driving. Keywords：PIC; Bus-technology; Air-conditioning
-
某220kV变电所设计
目 录 摘要I AbstractII 1 原始资料1 1.1 原始资料1 1.2 应完成项目2 2 变电所主接线设计3 2.1 主变台数、型号、容量选择3 2.2 主接线设计9 3 所用电设计13 3.1 应注意的问题13 3.2 所用电设备布置应遵循的原则：13 3.3 电源数量及容量：13 3.4 所用电源引接方式14 4 短路电流计算15 4.1 短路流计算的目的15 4.2 短路电流计算的一般规定15 4.3 短路电流计算步骤16 4.4 详细计算16 5 导体、电器设备选择21 5.1 选择的一般规定21 5.2 高压断路器，隔离开关选择22 5.3 母线选择26 5.4 电力电缆的选择（ 10KV侧）33 5.5 互感器的选择34 总结40 参考文献41 致谢42 附录I：装配电气一览表43 摘 要 本次设计为某枢纽220kV变电所的初步设计，内容包括：电气主接线方案的拟定、比较和选择；短路电流的计算；主要电气设备和导体的选择；设备汇总和绘制主接线图。所设计的内容力求概念清楚、层次分明、图文对照、表格齐备。 变电站是电力系统的重要组成部分，起着电能的接受、分配、联络、稳定系统的重要作用。电气主接线是变电所的主要部分，电气主接线的方式直接影响运行的可靠性、灵活性，它的拟定直接关系着电气设备的选择、配电装置的布置，是变电所电气部分投资大小的决定性因素。本次设计考虑可靠性和灵活性，220kV和110kV母线采用双母线带旁路结线形式。本设计根据已知参数和计算结果进行主要电气设备和导体的选择，最后进行了设备汇总和主接线图的绘制。 关键词:变电站、一次接线、短路电流、电器设备选型 Abstract This paper aims to present the preliminary design of a pivot 220kV transformer substation. The design mainly includes four parts: drafting, comparison and choosing of main electric scheme; calculation of Short-circuit current; choosing of main electric equipment and the conductor; the gathering of the equipment and drawing of main writing diagram. The designed contents attempt to give a clear concept, a well-arranged process, contrasted pictures and texts, and complete forms. The transformer substation is the important component of the power system. It is the vital part in the acceptance and distribution of electric energy, for it can complete the communication among different parts of the power system and enable the system’s stability. Main electric scheme is a main part of the transformer substation, and it directly influences the operation’s dependability and flexibility. Besides, the study out of main electronic scheme decides the choice of the electric equipment and the placing of the distribution devices, so it is the most important factor that decides the electric investment in a transformer substation. Taking dependability and flexibility into consideration, for 220kV and 110kV bus bar, the design adopts the line form of dual-node bus with bypass line. The design chooses the main electric equipment and choice of the conductor according to the known parameter and result of calculation, carries on the check-up of the switchgear, and finally present the gathering of equipment and the drawing of main wiring diagram. Keywords：Transformer substation, Wire once, Short-circuit current, Choose electric equipment
-
申沟变电站继电保护优化的研究
目 录 摘 要I 1 前 言1 1.1 毕业设计目标1 1.2 毕业设计的背景1 1.3 毕业设计主要内容1 2 申沟站原始资料（继保优化）2 2.1 申沟站基本情况2 2.2 申沟站负荷统计（抄表情况）2 2.3 供电系统图3 2.4 申沟站继电保护的基本情况3 3 短路电流计算6 3.1 申沟35 kV变电站短路电流计算6 3.1.1 供电系统运行方式的确定6 3.1.2 短路电流计算8 4 继电保护的理论基础15 4.1 概述15 4.1.1继电保护的任务与要求15 4.1.2 保护继电器16 4.2 供电系统单端电流配电线路的保护18 4.2.1 配电线路的故障形式与保护设置18 4.2.2 带时限过电流保护18 4.2.3电流速断保护21 4.3 变压器的继电保护23 4.3.1 电力变压器的故障分析与保护设置原则23 4.3.2过电流保护与速断保护24 4.4 差动保护25 5 供电系统继电保护的优化28 5.1 概 述28 5.2 继电保护的优化配置及整定原则30 5.2.1一路运行一路备用的优化保护方案30 5.2.2 系统分裂运行的优化保护方案34 5.3 申沟站继电保护系统的优化37 5.3.1申沟站继电保护的基本情况37 5.3.2 申沟站原继电保护方案的主要技术分析37 5.3.3申沟站继电保护的优化设计38 6 继电保护的优化41 6.1 申沟35 kV变电站主要变压器纵联差动保护41 6.1.1 差动保护整定计算41 6.1.2 申沟站2#变同1#变压器差动保护整定计算43 6.1.3 申沟35 kV变电站主变压器的过流保护43 6.1.4 申沟35 kV变电站主变压器的过负荷保护44 6.2 6 kV各出线的继电保护44 7 总 结61 致 谢62 参考文献63 摘 要 继电保护是随着电力系统的发展而发展起来的，电路短路情况是不可避免的。而继电保护则是对这种特殊情况作出的一种预防的措施。继电保护要求选择性、速断性、灵敏性和可靠性的统一。众所周知，由于自然条件（如雷击等）、电气元件（如变压器、母线、电缆、电力电容器、电动机等）制造质量、运行维护诸方面因素，供电系统发生短路故障或异常运行状态是不可能完全避免的。所以继电保护的任务就是有选择性地将故障元件从供电系统中快速、自动的切除，使其损坏程度减至最轻，并保证最大限度地迅速恢复无故障部分正常运行。另外它能反应电气元件的异常运行状态，根据运行维护的具体条件和设备的承受能力，发出警报信号、减负荷或延时跳闸。所以继电保护对于电力系统来说是非常重要的一个环节。因而继电保护设计与优化是非常有意义的。 关键词：继电保护 灵敏性 选择性 Abstract Relay protection is developping along with the development of power supply system. The short circuit is inevitable. It requires of the selectivity ,quick disconnection,sensibility and reliability. As is known to all,because of the physical factor(such as lighting strike),the quality of electric component(such as transformer, generatrix,cable,power capacitor and motor),and the factor of maintenance. The fact of short circuit and abnormal running of the power supply system is inevitable. So the work of relay protection is to cut the component away from the system selectively and automaticly in order to minimize the losing and assure the system run freely maximaly. It also can reflect the abnormal state of the eletric component and give the warning signal,cut the load which depend on the real condition and the bearbility of the electirc component. So relay protection is an important tache of the system. So it is very significant. Key words: relay protection sensibility selectivity
-
太阳能蓄电装置的研制
目 录 摘要I 1 绪论1 1.1 太阳能蓄电装置研制的回顾与展望1 1.2 国内外光伏发电的概况1 1.2.1世界光伏产业及应用特点2 1.2.2阻碍光伏产业发展的三大因素2 1.2.3国内光伏产业特点3 2 太阳能光伏发电的技术简介5 2.1 太阳能电池5 2.2 蓄电池6 2.3 控制器6 2.4 LED光源6 2.5 太阳能灯具的优、缺点7 2.6 太阳能LED灯的特点及应用8 3 基于单片机8031的太阳能LED交通警示板设计10 3.1系统硬件设计10 3.1.1系统的总体设计方案10 3.2系统硬件设计11 3.2.1红外线车流量检测电路的设计11 3.2.2太阳能LED主控电路设计12 3.2.3 LED驱动显示电路设计12 3.2.4太阳能光伏充电电源设计与实现13 3.3系统软件设计13 4 太阳能蓄电装置研制15 4.1系统硬件设计与实现15 4.1.1充放电模块15 4.1.2 限制过放电电路的设计16 4.1.3 LED闪烁延时控制及瞬时光照保护电路的设计17 4.2系统功能实现与测试结果18 4.2.1光伏板白天光照充电18 4.2.2蓄电池为电源的LED闪烁工作装置工作情况18 4.2.3光伏板控制LED白天关闭、夜间开启的实验19 5 结论20 总结21 致谢22 参考文献23 摘 要 随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，对能源的需求量不断增长 石化能源资源的有限性，以及他们在燃烧过程中对全球气候和环境所产生的影响日益为人们所关注。从资源、环境、社会发展的需求看，开发和利用新能源和再生能源是必然的趋势。随着我国经济的快速增长，能源需求大幅度增加，特别是用电紧张进一步加剧，寻求新能源和再生能源迫在眉捷。 太阳能是一种非常重要的可再生能源太阳能作为地球上真正取之不尽的清洁能源，将是2l世纪最理想的绿色新能源，其利用的有效途径便是利用光伏发电技术将太阳能转化为电能。 本文介绍的太阳能蓄电装置，由充放电模块、太阳能电池模块、光控电路、瞬时光照保护电路、LED闪烁电路等组成。该系统实现了阳能为能源，铅酸蓄电池为蓄能部件和电路工作电源，设置在夜间有事故隐患的路段，LED不间断地闪烁，白天可关闭。并且，该系统充分考虑了系统实际运行环境，提高了电路稳定性。例如，该系统中设计的充放电保护装置有效地防止了过充电和过放电，瞬时光照保护电路避免了夜间光源干扰。 关键词： 太阳能 蓄电池 LED Abstract Along with the socio-economic development and the improvement of living standards, the energy of the growing demand for petrochemical limited energy resources, and their combustion processes in the global climate and environmental impact of growing concern for people. From resources, environment, social development needs, the development and use of new and renewable sources of energy is an inevitable trend. As China's rapid economic growth, a substantial increase in demand for energy, particularly electricity is further exacerbated tensions and seeks new and renewable sources of energy to force in the eyebrow. Solar is a very important renewable energy sources as solar energy on the planet truly inexhaustible supply of clean energy, 21century will be the best new green energy, its use is an effective way to use solar photovoltaic power generation technology will transform Electricity. This paper describes the installation of solar Reserve Power, by charging and discharging modules, solar cell modules, optical control circuit, instantaneous light protection circuit, LED flashing circuit components. The system can be realized-to-energy, lead-acid battery for energy storage components and circuit power, set up in the evening section of a hidden causes of accidents, LED flashes uninterrupted during the day to close. In addition, the system fully considered the actual operation of the system environment and enhance the stability of the circuit. For example, the system design of the charge and discharge protection devices to effectively prevent the charge and have a discharge and transient protection circuit illumination at night to avoid the interference source. Keywords： Solar Battery LED
