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某高层住宅建筑电气系统设计
摘 要 21世纪，我国城镇化建设的进程不断加快，城镇的建筑业得到快速的发展。高层住宅建筑就是其重要标志。随着科技的发展，高层建筑正朝着自动化、节能化、信息化、智能化方向蓬勃发展。 本论文该论文主要阐述了某高层住宅建筑电气系统设计的依据、原则、方法及设计选择的结论。在低压配电系统设计中，根据负荷等级，确定供电方式及系统方案。运用需要系数法进行负荷计算，并按照规定选择保护电器、电线电缆，达到安全用电和节约能源的目的。在照明的设计中，本着节能的原则，选择荧光灯等为光源，通过照度计算，确定最佳光源数。弱电的设计只简单介绍了有线电视，电话、网络系统。 关键词： 建筑电气、照明、弱电、负荷计算 Abstract In 21st century, with the accelerating process of urbanization, the construction business of the town develops rapidly. Residential community has become the main site of people’s life, study, entertainment and inhabitancy, with high-rise residential building as its vital sign.With the rapid development of science and technology, high-rise building is flourishing towards automation, energy, information and intelligent direction. In particular, the emergence of intelligent buildings, has become the measure of a country or region's economic development and scientific and technological progress as an important landmark. The design is a residential high-rise residential buildings of a certain electrical design. In this paper, the ground works for the 12-story high-rise all-story residential. Covering an area of about 1300 square meters, the high levels for every is 3.6m. Indoor and outdoor relief is 0.40m. Civil electrical load, according to the building in the political and economic importance or the reliability of electrical equipment to the power supply requirements, divided into three levels. That is one load, second load, three load. The construction works for a class of primary and secondary load power supply, fire fighting system and an important part of the load at the same time dual power supply, power substation caused by the district, three-phase five-wire system, the use of TN-C-S system, the use of tree-type approach to the distribution of power distribution boxes. Design includes: power supply and distribution system design(system design of fire safety equipments including residential elevator, fire pump, emergency lighting system for evacuating and so on), architectural lighting design, lightning protection and grounding design, television system design, telephone system design and information network system. It focuses on the design of strong electrical parts, the main design of the project is distribution system and lighting system. Keywords： Electrical construction 、Lighting 、Weak 、Load calculation 目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………..I Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ 1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1 2 电气设计说明……………………………………………………………………………….2 2.1 高层住宅建筑工程概况……………………………………………………………….2 2.2 高层民用建筑的特点………………………………………………………………….2 2.3 设计依据……………………………………………………………………………….2 2.4 设计范围……………………………………………………………………………….2 2.5 建筑供电的设计一般原则…………………………………………………………….3 2.6 设计主要工作…………………………………………………………………………..3 3 供配电系统设计…………………………………………………………………………..5 3.1 配电设计要求………………………………………………………………………….5 3.2 负荷分级及供电方式……………………………………………………………...…5 3.3 配电回路及其保护措施方案选择…………………………………………………….5 3.4 本工程的负荷计算…………………………………………………………………….5 3.4.1 负荷计算的方法…………………………………………………………….…5 3.4.2 负荷计算的公式……………………………………………………………….6 3.4.3 本高层住宅的负荷计算……………………………………………………….8 3.5 电气设备的选择……………………………………………………………………….9 3.5.1 低压断路器的选择…………………………………………………………….9 4 照明系统设计…………………………………………………………………………… .11 4.1 照明系统一般规定…………………………………………………………………...11 4.2 照明光源选择的一般原则…………………………………………………………..11 4.3 照明灯具选择的一般原则…………………………………………………………..11 4.4 照明开关的选择……………………………………………………………………..11 4.5 插座的选择……………………………………………………………………………12 4.6 照度计算……………………………………………………………………………..12 4.7 照明设计的计算……………………………………………………………………..14 5 弱电系统设计……………………………………………………………………… ……18 5.1 弱电系统概述……………………………………………………………………….18 5.2 有线电视系统.………………………………………………………………………18 5.3 电话通讯系统的设计……………………………………………………………….19 5.4 信息网络系统设计………………………………………………………………….19 6 结论………………………………………………………………………………………….20 致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………… .22 附录 附录图1 电气设计说明 附录图2 一层照明平面图 附录图3 一层插座平面图 附录图4 一层弱电平面图 附录图5 标准层照明平面图 附录图6 标准层插座平面图 附录图7 标准层弱电平面图 附录图8 配电系统图
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冶金厂总降压站设计_电气工程论文
目 录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 1. 前言…………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 设计主要任务………………………………………………………………………………..１ 1.2 设计基本要求………………………………………………………………………………1 1.3 设计的意义……………………………………………………………………………………1 2. 设计原始材料………………………………………………………………………………………2 3. 负荷计算及无功补偿……………………………………………………………………………6 3.1 车间和工厂的负荷统计…………………………………………………………………...6 3.2 无功功率补偿的计算……………………………………………………………………...8 4. 选择总变电所变压器的台数及容量………………………………………………………10 4.1 变电所变压器台数的选择………………………………………………………….10 4.2 变电所变压器容量的选择………………………………………………………….10 4.3 变配电所主线的设计……………………………………………………………….11 5. 短路电流计算……………………………………………………………………………………13 5.1 负荷中心的确定…………………………………………………………………..13 5.2 短路电流的计算…………………………………………………………………14 6. 变电所一次设备的选择及校验…………………………………………………………17 6.1 设备选择原则………………………………………………………………………17 6.2 设备的选择………………………………………………………………………...17 6.3 设备的校验…………………………………………………………………………18 7. 总变电所高压进出线的选择………………………………………………………………21 7.1 35KV高压进线的选择…………………………………………………………..21 7.2 SL7-6300/35变压器出线端至6.3KV主线电缆的选择校验…………………….21 7.3 6.3KV母线到各车间变压器的电缆选择……………………………………….21 8. 继电保护设置……………………………………………………………………………………23 8.1 主变压器的继电保护装置……………………………………………………….23 9. 防雷与接地设计…………………………………………………………………………………24 9.1 防雷设计………………………………………………………………….24 9.2 变电所公共接地装置的设计……………………………………………24 10. 总结………………………………………………………………………………………………25 11. 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………26 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………27 附录……………………………………………………………………………………………………28 摘 要 本设计要涉及到的是变压器进线出线的选择，母线和电缆的选择，无功功率的补偿，继电器，熔断器的选型。变压器的进出线主要考虑的是进线高压电缆的选取，各厂区电缆的选择是按各厂区负荷不同而选择不同型号的电缆。 由于采用多个变压器进行供电，母线采用分段式，根据负荷平均的原则，在各条母线上分别连上各厂区的电缆。电气主接线是变电所的主要环节，电气主接线的拟定直接关系到全所电气设备的选择、配电装置的布置、继电保护和安全自动装置的确定，是变电所电气部分投资大小的决定性因素。 无功功率的补偿采用集中补偿的方法来完成。对于每个负载线路，我们都进行了继电保护，还配以熔断器保护。此项设计比较完整的对整厂的供电系统进行了设计，对实际电路的敷设有一定的参考价值。 关键词 供电设计；变压器；断路器 Abstract This course is designed primarily the electrical wiring in a 10KV transformer station Factory , which involved the transformer to the cable, the choice of bus bar and cable options, the compensation of wattless power , relays, the fuze protection. The main problem of the Transformers into the project is the selection of high-tension cable lines, we choice the different models of electricity which was based on loading of the district. With the introduction of several transformers for power supply, the introduction of sub-bus bar, according to the principles of the average load in two separate generating lines, distributing the loads in two separate generating line. Electricity lord connects line is the vital link of transformer substation in power plant, the draft of the electricity lord connects line relates directly to the choice of the whole substation's electric equipments, the arrangement of the distribution electricity device, the determination of the relay protection of power system and the automatic device, It is a decisive factor of the invests size to the transformer substation electricity part. We use to the method of complete concentration to compensate the wattless power .For each line; we have a relay, coupled with fuze protection. The design of the power supply system is a rather integral design; there are certain reference values to next design. Keywords the design of power；transformer；breaker
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某别墅建筑电气设计
目录 摘要I AbstractII 1 电气设计说明1 1.1 设计依据1 1.1.1建筑概况1 1.1.2设计规范及标准1 1.2 设计范围1 1.3 供电系统1 1.3.1负荷等级1 1.3.2供电方式1 1.3.3电能计量方式2 1.3.4线路敷设2 1.3.5照明系统2 1.3.6防雷与接地设计2 1.3.7弱电系统设计2 2 照明系统设计3 2.1 总则3 2.2 照明光源选择的一般原则3 2.3 灯具的选择3 2.4照明设计要求3 2.4.1设计要求3 2.4.2灯具布置3 2.4.3设计原则4 2.5 本设计的光源与灯具的选择4 2.6 照度计算4 2.7 插座设计9 2.7.1插座设计现状9 2.7.2本次设计方案10 3 配电系统设计12 3.1 负荷等级及供电要求12 3.1.1 负荷等级分类12 3.1.2 供电要求12 3.2 供配电设计13 3.2.1供电13 3.2.2配电13 3.2.3室内配电线路13 3.2.4断路器的选择原则13 3.3 负荷计算14 4 弱电系统设计17 4.1 有线电视系统17 4.1.1有线电视系统的组成及分类18 4.1.2有线电视系统设计18 4.2 对讲系统设计19 4.2.1系统结构和功能19 4.2.2本工程设计19 4.3 电话通信系统20 4.3.1系统概述20 4.3.2线路设计20 5 防雷与接地系统设计21 5.1 建筑物防雷的分类21 5.2建筑物年预计雷击次数22 5.3 设计结果23 5.4 接地保护24 5.4.1接地内容与设计方案24 5.4.2接地设计24 6 总结26 致谢27 参考文献28 附录1 说明和图例 附录2 插座平面图 附录3 照明平面图 附录4 访客对讲平面图 附录5 弱电平面图 附录6 防雷平面图 附录7 配电系统图 摘要 本次的设计题目是一栋两户型别墅电气设计，共四层。设计分为强电设计和弱电设计，主要包括配电系统设计，电气照明和插座设计，防雷接地设计，有线电视、电话通信及访客可视对讲系统设计。 本论文主要阐述了设计依据，设计方法，设计原则，设计结果等内容。论文共分五章来阐述本次建筑电气的设计。第一章主要概述本次设计的工程概况。第二章主要讲述照明，插座的设计，照明设计包括照度计算，光源选择等。第三章主要讲述供电和配电，其中低压配电为重点，包括线路敷设，过电流保护等内容。第四章主要讲述防雷和接地，包括防雷的基本知识，建筑物防雷等级计算方法，接地方式等内容。第五章是弱电设计，包括电话通信系统设计，有线电视系统设计，访客可视对讲系统设计。 本次设计为毕业设计，意在将所学的理论知识运用到实际例子当中，更加有效地使所学的理论知识与实际相结合，提升自身的实际解决问题的能力。 关键词 建筑电气；照明；防雷；弱电设计 Abstract The design of the subject is the electrical design of two family house villa，a total of four.This design divided into two part ,one is strong electrical design,the other is weak electrical design.Mainly includes the electrical power distribution system design, the electric lighting and the plug design, thunder prevention and earth design, the telephone communication and the visitor to speak system design. Contents of this dissertation elaborated is the design basis,the design methods, principles of design and so on..The dissertation is divided five chapters to elaborate this building electricity design. The first chapter mainly outlines this design is the project overview; The second chapter main narration the design of illumination and plug, illumination design including degree of illumination computation, the light source selection; the third chapter main narration power supply and power distribution,and the low-voltage power distribution is a key point, the contents Including the line placing exceeding current protection and so on. The fourth chapter main narration thunder prevention and earth, contents Including thunder prevention elementary knowledge, building thunder prevention rank computational method, earth way and so on. The fifth chapter is the weak electricity design, including the telephone communication system design, the cable TV system design, the visitor to speaks system design. This design for graduation project.The purpose is use our knowledge to actual examples,make the knoeledge and actual examples union more effective.improve the ability of solves the question of myself. Key words building electrical; illumination; thunder prevention; weak electricity design
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某35KV变电所一次系统的设计
目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .…………….....I Abstract………………………………………………………………………. ..……………....II 1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………….……....1 1.1 35KV变电站一次侧设计现状………………………………………......................…....1 1.2 毕业设计意义及要完成的工作.................…................2 1.2.1 主要任务与目标…………………………. . …………………………..….…..2 1.2.2 主要内容与基本要求…………………………..….…………………………..2 1.2.3 设计指导思想…………………………..….……………………….…………..2 2 设计任务……………………………………………………………………………. . ….……4 2.1 设计总任务………………………………………………………………………....……4 2.2 工厂基本信息……………………………………………………………...... . ………...4 2.3 气象及地质资料…………………………………………………. . .…….……………..5 2.4 当地电业部门提供的技术资料和供用电协议…………………. . .…….……………..6 3 总降压变电所设计……………………………..................................7 3.1 负荷分级及供电要求……………………………………….…………………….…….7 3.2 负荷计算………………………………………………………………….…………...7 3.3 电压选择……………………………….………………………………………………..9 3.4 35kV变配电所主接线方案确定………………………………………………………..10 3.5 主变压器选择…………………………………………………………………………..13 3.6 无功补偿………………………………………………………………………………..14 3.7 短路电流的计算………………………………………………………………………..15 3.8 高压电器的选择………………………………………………………………………..17 4 高压线路选择……… ……………………………………………………………….….22 4.1 线路选择与校验的项目及条件……………………………………………………..…22 4.2 35kV高压进线线路选择与校验………………………………………….……………22 4.2.1 选择校验的方法……………….………………….………………………..…22 4.2.2 按经济电流密度和发热条件选择35kV高压进线…….………………….…22 4.3 10kV高压出线线路的选择与校验…….………………….…………………………...23 4.3.1 选择校验的方法…….………………….………………………...…………...23 4.3.2 按发热条件选择6.3kV高压出线…….………………………...…………...23 5 微机保护及综合自动化系统设计. .……………………………………….…………..25 5.1 变电所操作电源的选择………………………………………………………………25 5.2 变电所综合自动化系统设计…………………………………………………………26 5.3 变电所微机保护设计…………………………………………………………………26 6 防雷与接地设计…………………………………….………………………..……………29 6.1 变电所的防雷保护…………………………….………………………..……….……29 6.1.1 电力线路的防雷措施……………………………………………………..…29 6.1.2 变配电所的防雷措施………………………………………………….…….29 6.1.3 雷电侵入波的防护…………………………………………………….…….31 6.2 变电所公共接地装置的设计…………………………………………………...…….31 7 总结………………………………………………………………….……………………….32 致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………....33 参考文献……………………………………………….……………………………………......34 附录1……………………………………………….……………………………….......……......35 摘 要 35kV变电所综合自动化系统主要为无人值班形式，其设计应服从电网调度自动化的总体设计，其配置、功能包括设备的布置应满足电网安全、优质、经济运行以及信息分层传输、资源共享的原则。因此,本次设计我们将以此作为设计指导原则展开设计工作。整个设计过程包括总降压变电所电气设计、微机保护及综合自动化系统设计、高压线路选择、防雷与接地设计。我们将从各种相关方案中比较确定出最佳设计方案。其中总降压变电所采用内桥式的接线方式，所用电采用接地变压器兼所用变压器的形式。本次设计主要针对35KV变电所，通过对原始资料的分析进行相应的计算，确定变压器台数和容量，得出主接线，并完成选择及校验电气设备、继电保护及自动装置配置，及防雷与接地，所址选择等设计，整个设计基本包括了电气部分的重要内容。 关键词：电气设计，综合自动化，微机保护，防雷，高压线 Abstract 35kV substation integrated automation system for unattended form, the design shall be subject to the power grid dispatching automation design, its configuration, features include the arrangement of equipment shall meet the power grid security, high-quality, layered economic operation and information transfer, the total resources the principle of entitlement. Therefore, this design we will use this as the guiding principles of design to start design work. The entire design process including the step-down substation electrical design, microprocessor-based protection and the integrated automation system design, high voltage transmission line option, the design of lightning protection and grounding. We will compare a variety of related programs to determine the best design.35kV substation integrated automation system for unattended form, the design shall be subject to the power grid dispatching automation design, its configuration, features include the arrangement of equipment shall meet the power grid security, high-quality, layered economic operation and information transfer, the total resources the principle of entitlement. Therefore, this design we will use this as the guiding principles of design to start design work. The entire design process including the step-down substation electrical design, microprocessor-based protection and the integrated automation system design, high voltage transmission line option, the design of lightning protection and grounding. We will compare a variety of related programs to determine the best design. The design aimed at 35KV substation, through the analysis of raw data for the corresponding calculation, to determine the number and capacity of transformers, to draw the main cables, and complete the selection and calibration of electrical equipment, relay protection and automatic device configuration, and lightning protection and grounding, the site selection of the design, including the entire design of the electrical part of the important content. Keyword: Electrical design, integrated automation, microprocessor-based protection, lightning protection, high-tension line
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某厂区安防系统设计
目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .……………….I 1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………. ………………1 1.1 智能建筑简介……………………………………………………………...........1 1.2 智能建筑构成……………………………………………………………............1 1.2.1 楼宇自动化系统…………………………………………………………………2 1.2.2 办公自动化系统…………………………………………………………………2 1.2.3 通讯自动化系统…………………………………………………………………2 1.3 安防系统概况……………………………………………………. ...…………………...3 2 安防系统结构设计………………………………………………………….............5 2.1 防火、防盗及周边防护系统设计要求………………………………………………....5 2.2 防火、防盗及周边防护系统设计的思想……………………………………………...5 2.3 防火、防盗及周边防护系统的结构……………………………………………………6 3 防火、防盗和周边防护系统的硬件选型………………………………………………7 3.1 周边防护系统……………………………………………….................7 3.1.1 周边防护系统的要求……………………………………………………………7 3.1.2 防盗探测器的类型………………………………………………………………7 3.1.3 周边防护探测器的选择…………………………………………………………9 3.2 室内防盗报警系统…………………………………………………………………….12 3.2.1 室内防盗报警器的类型…………………………………………………..……12 3.2.2 室内防盗报警器的选型……………………………………………………..…13 3.3 室内火灾防护系统…………………………………………………………………….15 3.3.1 室内火灾探测器的类型………………………………………….…….………15 3.3.2 室内火灾系统的选择………………………..…………………………………16 3.4 安防监控系统集成软件的选择……………………………………………………….17 3.5 门禁系统……………………………………………………………………………….17 3.5.1 门禁系统的组成………………………………………………………………..17 3.5.2 门禁系统原理…………………………………………………………………..17 3.5.3 门禁系统的功能……………………………………………………………….18 4 防火、防盗和周边防护系统的设计……………………. . .………………………….19 4.1 周边防护系统的设计与安装…………………………………………………………20 4.2 室内防火、防盗系统的设计与安装…………………………………………………20 4.2.1 火灾自动报警系统……………………………………………………………20 4.2.2 室内防盗被动红外探测器的安装……………………………………………29 5 防火、防盗和周边防护系统集成的软件设计………………..................31 5.1 周边防护系统程序设计………………………………………………………….31 5.2 安防系统Wincc集成化设计…………………………....................31 5.2.1安防系统Wincc监控界面设计…………………………………………………..31 5.2.2安防系统Wincc监控界面效果…………………………………………………..42 6 总结…………………………………………………………………………………………..45 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………….....46 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………...47 附录：S7-300的控制系统程序梯形图………………………………………………...48 摘 要 随着人们生活节奏的加快，工作压力的不断增加，人们越来越渴望安定舒适的生活，生活工作环境的安全问题越来越受到人们的重视。由于传感技术、控制技术、计算机技术的不断发展，安全的防范的措施由原来的高墙铁门发展到现在的看不到的墙，安全系数是原来的几倍。但是此项技术尚处于发展阶段，所以产品也是各种各样，良荞不齐。设计一套安全系数较高，而且价格较低的安全防范系统有很重要的意义。 本设计的主要工作是设计和安装火灾监控系统、防盗报警系统和周边防护系统，并实现三个子系统的系统集成。 整个系统按空间划分为室外、室内两部分。室外选用主动式红外探测器，主动红外发射器发出一束经调制的红外光束，投向红外接收器，形成一条警戒线。为了能将周边防护系统集成到中央控制系统中，主动红外探测器接入到PLC系统，由PLC系统将周边防护系统的信息传送到中央控制系统。室内选用JB-R21-SG(1020/2系统)联动型火灾报警控制器，集火灾报警和联动控制于一体。中央控制系统是一台计算机，采用组态软件，对电子地图板和区域显示器以及采集到的各子系统信息进行系统集成。当异常事件发生时，控制系统的计算机发出声光报警，并在计算机上指示警报发生的地点之类信息，实现对整个环境的智能监控。 关键词：安防，入侵报警，火灾报警，监控 Abstract With the acceleration of the rhythm of people's lives, increasing work pressure, people want more stability and a comfortable life.Life safety of the working environment more and more attention. As the sensor technology, control technology, the continuous development of computer technology, security measures to guard against the high iron gate from the development to the present can not see the wall, the safety factor is several times the original. But the technology is still in development stage, it is also a variety of products, good buckwheat missing. Design a higher factor of safety, and security prices lower system very important. This article's main task is to design the fire control system, burglar alarm systems and perimeter defense systems and subsystems to achieve the three systems. By the whole system is divided into an outdoor space, indoor two parts. Selection of active outdoor infrared detectors, active infrared transmitter sent a bouquet of the infrared beam by the modulation, into the infrared receiver to form a cordon. Around the protection system in order to be able to be integrated into the central control system, active infrared detector system access to the PLC by the PLC system will be around the protection system of information transmission to the central control system. Indoor selected JB-R21-SG (1020 / 2 system) linkage-type fire alarm controller, fire alarm and set in one linkage control. Central control system is a computer, using the configuration software, the electronic map display as well as the regional board and collected the information of the subsystems of system integration. When abnormal events occur, the computer control system for the issue of sound and light alarm, and warning instructions on the computer were taking place, such as information, the realization of the intelligent monitoring of the environment. Key words: security, intrusion alarm, fire alarm, monitoring
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某服务中心楼宇电气设计
目 录 摘要....………………………………………………………………………………………...…....I Abstract....…………………………………………………………………………………...…....II 1 绪论 ……………………………………………………………………………………..…...1 1.1 建筑电气概况 …………………………..…………………………………….................1 1.2 设计原则 ……………………………………..…………………………..........................1 1.3 设计内容 ……………………………………………………………………...................2 2 配电系统设计 ……………………………………………………………............................5 2.1 负荷等级及供电要求 …………………………………………………………….……..5 2.2 负荷计算 …………………………………………………………………………............6 2.3 导线选择和敷设 …………………………………………………….................................8 2.4 配电方式选择 …………………………………………………………............................11 3 照明系统设计 ………………………………………………………………………….…..13 3.1 一般原则 ………………………………………………………………………..….……13 3.2 照明节能 ………………………………………………….………….…………….…....13 3.3 应急照明 ……………………………………………………….…….………...….….…15 3.4 照度计算（选择灯具数量） …………………………………….………………..……..16 3.5 照明负荷平面布置 ……………………………………………….,…………...…….…...16 3.6 设计结果 ………………………………………………..………………………......…….17 4 防雷接地系统设计 ……………………………………………………...………......…….19 4.1 建筑物防雷措施 …………………………………………………...………………....…19 4.2 本建筑防雷接地系统设计结果…………………………………………………....…...…22 5 火灾自动报警及消防联动控制系统 ……………………………..…………………...25 5.1 总则 ……………………………………………………………………………………25 5.2 导线选择 ………………………………………………………………………………26 5.3 设计结果 ………………………………………………………………………………28 6 结论 …………………………………………………….…………………………..………31 致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………..………32 参考文献 …………………………………………………...………………………….………33 附录1 用电负荷计算书 …………………………………………………….……….………34 附录2 图纸目录 ………………………………………………………….………….………35 摘 要 当今民用建筑电气技术是以电能、电子、电器设备及电气技术为手段来创造、维持和改善人民居住或工作的生活环境的电、光、声、冷和暖环境的一门跨学科的综合性的技术科学。它是强电和弱电与具体建筑的有机结合。本论文主要阐述了某服务中心2，3#楼各系统的供配电工程设计的原理、依据、，设计的方法和设计的选择和结论。包括负荷计算，照明系统设计和防雷接地的设计以及消防设计。此次设计采用AUTOCAD软件进行绘图设计，总共完成图纸共18幅，其中强电部分10幅，弱电部分6幅， 关键词： 负荷计算，防雷接地，导线，供配电，应急照明 Abstract Today's technology is based on civil electrical power, electronics, electrical equipment and electrical technology as a means to create, maintain and improve the people who live or work in the living environment of the electrical, optical, sound, cold and warm environment, a comprehensive interdisciplinary technical and scientific. It is the strong and weak electricity and an organic combination of concrete construction. In this paper, the main service center on a floor 2,3 # distribution for the system engineering principles, based on the design method and design choices and conclusions. Including load calculation, lighting design and the design of grounding and lightning protection design of the fire. The design drawing AUTOCAD design software, to complete a total of 18 drawings total, of which some 10 strong power, weak part 6. Key Words: load calculation, lighting, , wire, the power supply, Emergency lighting
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吴庄变电站继电保护优化的研究
目 录 摘要……………………………………………………………………………. . .……………..I 1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 毕业设计目的…………………………………………………………………….……1 1.2 毕业设计背景与意义…………………………………………………………….... . .1 1.3 毕业设计内容…………………………………………………………………. . .……1 2 原始材料…………………………………………………………………………………. . .2 2.1 吴庄站基本情况………………………………………………………………….……2 2.2 吴庄站负荷统计（抄表情况）………………………………………………….... ....2 2.3 系统图…………………………………………………………………………. . .……3 2.4 吴庄站继电保护的基本情况…………………………………………………....……3 3 短路电流计算……………………………………………………………………………....6 3.1 短路电流计算必要性………………………………………………………………….6 3.2 吴庄供电系统运行方式确定…………………………………………………………6 3.3 短路电流计算…………………………………………………………………………8 3.3.1 计算各元件的电抗标幺值……………………………………………………..8 3.3.2 短路电流计算…………………………………………………………………..8 4 继电保护的理论基础……………………………………………………………………..14 4.1 继电保护的任务与要求……………………………………………………………. ...14 4.1.1 继电保护的任务与基本原理…………………………………………….........14 4.1.2 对继电保护装置的基本要求………………………………………………….14 4.2 保护继电器……………………………………………………………………………15 4.2.1 保护继电器的分类………………………………………………………….. ...15 4.2.2 常用的电流继电器及其动作特性………………………………………….. ...16 4.3 供电系统单端电流配电线路的保护…………………………………………………17 4.3.1 配电线路的故障形式与保护设置………………………………………….. ...17 4.3.2 带时限电流保护……………………………………………………………......18 4.3.3 动作电流整定………………………………………………………………...20 4.3.4 过电流保护的灵敏度校验…………………………………………………...20 4.4 电流速断保护…………………………………………………………………………21 4.4.1 电流速断保护的构成………………………………………………………...21 4.4.2 速断电流的整定……………………………………………………………...21 4.4.3 电流速断保护的灵敏度……………………………………………………...22 4.5 差动保护…………………………………………………………………………….22 4.5.1 变压器差动保护的基本原理………………………………………………...23 4.5.2 变压器差动保护中的不平衡电流及其减小措施…………………………...23 4.5.3 变压器差动保护的动作电流应满足条件…………………………………...24 5 继电保护优化的理论分析……………………………………………………. . .……26 5.1 概述…………………………………………………………………………………26 5.2 继电保护的优化及整定原则………………………………………………………27 5.2.1 一路运行一路备用的优化保护方案……………………………………....28 5.2.2 系统分裂运行的优化保护方案……………………………………………33 6 吴庄站继电保护的优化…………………………………………………………….......36 6.1 吴庄站继电保护的基本情况…………………………………………………..……36 6.2 吴庄站原继电保护方案的主要技术分析…………………………………………..36 6.3 吴庄站继电保护的优化设计………………………………………………………..37 6.4 吴庄35kV变电站主变压器差动保护………………………………………………40 6.4.1 差动保护整定计算…………………………………………………………..41 6.4.2 吴庄2#变差动保护整定计算………………………………………………43 6.5 吴庄35kV变电站主变压器过流保护………………………………………………43 6.6 6kV出线的过流保护…………………………………………………………………44 7 总结………………………………………………………………………………………...58 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………. ....59 摘 要 电力系统的飞速发展对继电保护不断提出新的要求,电子技术、计算机技术与通信技术的飞速发展又为继电保护技术的发展不断地注入了新的活力,因此,继电保护技术正在不断地发展和完善。继电保护的任务就是有选择性地将故障元件从供电系统中快速、自动的切除，使其损坏程度减至最轻，并保证最大限度地迅速恢复无故障部分正常运行。另外,它能反应电气元件的异常运行状态，他可以根据运行维护的具体条件和设备的承受能力，发出警报信号、减负荷或延时跳闸。本论文即是对吴庄变电站供电系统的继电保护现状进行分析研究，得出继电保护的理论基础和整定原则。在现有硬件的基础上，对变电站的继电保护进行系统的优化，最终使供电系统的保护系统的可靠性、选择性、快速性和灵敏性达到最佳状态。 关键词：继电保护、故障、优化 The rapid development of Power System Protection put forward new requirements to relay constantly, the rapid development of electronic technology、computer technology end communication technology also inject new vitality for the development of relay technology continuously , therefore, the relay protection technology are developing and improving continuously. The task of protection is that remove fault components from the power supply system selectively, rapid, automatically, which can reduce the extent of damage to the lightest and, to a great, extend ensure trouble-free part of the rapid resumption recover normal operation. In addition, It can react the abnormal running state of electrical components, and according to the specific conditions of operation and maintenance and equipment bear capacity, it can issue a warning signal, reduce load or delay trip. This paper will analysis and research the relay protection status of power supply system of substation of Wuzhuang, which will draw theoretical foundation and setting principles of relay protection. on the basis of the existing hardware, this paper will optimist systematically the relay protection on the substation, in the end, the reliability, selective, rapid and sensitive of protection system of power supply system will be achieved the best condition. Keywords：relay protection, malfunction，optimization
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110kV变电所一次系统设计_电气工程论文
目 录 摘 要Ⅱ AbstractⅢ 1 前 言1 1.1 选题背景与意义1 1.2 研究的基本内容1 1.3 研究的方法与技术路线2 2 某110kV变电所原始资料3 2.1 该110kV变电所建设性质及规模3 2.2 该变电所地理位置4 2.3 地形、地质、水文、气象等条件4 3 变电所负荷计算及补偿确定5 3.1 负荷计算概念5 3.2 计算负荷的一般方法5 3.2.1 需要系数法5 3.2.2 利用系数法5 3.3 变电所负荷计算及其分析6 3.4 无功补偿的确定7 3.4.1 无功补偿的比较7 3.4.2 无功补偿确定8 4 主接线方式和主变压器的选择10 4.1 电气主接线方案的技术指标10 4.2 电气主接线方案比较10 4.2.1 线路-变压器组单元接线10 4.2.2 内桥接线10 4.2.3 外桥接线11 4.3 变压器的选择12 5 短路电流计算14 5.1 短路的原因后果14 5.2 短路电流计算目的14 5.3 短路电流计算步骤14 5.4 短路电流计算过程14 5.5 短路电流计算结果19 6 母线的选择20 6.1 母线选择原则20 6.2 10kV侧母线选择与校验（以远景考虑）20 7 110kV变电所输电线路设计21 7.1 输电方式的比较21 7.2 110kV受电线路设计21 7.3 10kV受电线路设计22 8 高低压电气设备选择与校验24 8.1 一次设备的选择条件和校验项目24 8.2 电气设备选择的一般原则25 8.3 110kV侧电气设备的选择与校验25 8.4 10kV侧电气设备的选择与校验29 9 总 结34 致 谢35 参考文献36 附录 附录图1 摘 要 电力产业是现代工业的主要支柱产业，牵制着我国其他产业的发展。电能易于产生也易于使用，但是电能不能被大量储存，所以其输送分配就显得尤为重要。合理的电能输送分配有利于提高其利用效率，大大降低成本。变电所作为配合电力产业发展的基础设施是必不可少的。所以一个安全高效率的变电所即可以提高电能输送效率，又可降低输电成本，减少不必要的电能损耗，使电能的利用率大大提高。 此次设计主要针对的就是电能的合理输送分配。首先通过该变电所辖下各用电单位计算出具体用电负荷，通过计算负荷和相关安全法规选取合适的电力网接线方案，还有选择合适的变压器的型式、容量和台数，以及相关无功补偿装置，拟定总变电所的供电系统图。再通过短路电流计算选定高压进出线以及相关继电保护和防雷安全装置等。 关键词： 一次侧，变压器，无功补偿，短路电流 abstract Electric power industry is the mainstay of the modern industry in China, which influences the industrial development of other industries. Electricity is produced and used esaily，but the power can not be stored massly. So the distribution and transport of electric power are particularly important. Reasonable allocation and transmission of electricity is helpful to improve the utilization efficiency and reduce cost. As one of the infrastructure which belong to the development of electric power industry,substation is indispensable. So a safe and efficient substation can help to improve power transmission efficiency and reduce unnecessary energy loss，so that the utilization coefficient of electricity would be greatly improved. The design of the energy mainly aimed at the reasonable distribution and transport of electric power. Firstly the unit load shold be computed which is belong to this transformer substation.Then a appropriate network wiring schemes should be chosen through the unit load, including the right type of transformer capacity, sets and reactive power compensation devices should be chosen. The network wiring schemes should be made out by above all. Through the short-circuit current calculation, the high-voltage line, relay protection device and lightning protection device should be selected. keywords： primary side，transformer，reactive power compensation，short-circuit current
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某高层教学楼建筑电气设计
目 录 1 概述1 1.1工程概述1 1.2 高层民用建筑的特点1 1.3 建筑电气设计的组成1 2 前言2 3 供配电系统设计3 3.1 负荷分级及供电措施4 3.1.1 负荷等级4 3.1.2 各级负荷的供电措施5 3.1.3 本高层教学楼的负荷分级与供电措施6 3.2 本工程的负荷计算7 3.2.1 负荷计算的方法7 3.3 电气设备的选择7 3.3.1低压断路器的选择7 3.3.2 低压开关柜的选择8 3.3.2 导线型号及截面的选择9 4 照明系统设计11 4.1 一般规定11 4.1.1 照明光源选择的一般原则11 4.1.2 照明灯具选择的一般原则11 4.1.3 本设计的光源与灯具的选择11 4.2照度计算12 4.3 照明设计要求12 4.3.1 一般照明设计12 4.3.2 应急照明设计13 5 火灾自动报警及消防联动控制系统14 5.1 总则14 5.2 火灾自动报警系统设计14 5.2.1 火灾探测器的选择14 5.2.2 火灾手动报警按钮的设置15 5.2.3 火灾事故广播及消防电话的设置15 5.3 消防控制室与消防联动控制15 5.3.1 一般要求16 5.3.2 消防控制室16 5.3.3 导线选择与线路敷设17 6 防雷与接地系统设计18 6.1 建筑物的防雷措施18 6.2 基础接地安全设计19 6.3 本高层教学楼的防雷接地保护措施19 7 弱电系统设计20 7.1 有线电视系统20 7.2 广播扩声系统21 7.3 综合布线系统22 7.4 弱电部分线缆敷设22 8 广播音响系统概述23 8.1 广播音响系统的类型与特点24 8.2 广播音响系统的组成24 9 结论25 致 谢26 参 考 文 献27 摘要 该论文主要阐述了某高层教学楼各系统电气设计的设计依据、原则和方法及设计选择的结论。在低压配电系统设计中，根据负荷等级，确定供电方式及系统方案。运用需要系数法进行负荷计算，并按照规定选择保护电器、电线电缆，达到安全用电和节约能源的目的。在照明的设计中，本着节能的原则，选择荧光灯为光源，通过照度计算，确定最佳光源数，为学生和老师们创造了一个良好的学习、工作环境。在消防系统的设计中，通过感烟、感温探测器，手动火灾报警按钮，消防栓按钮等消防电气设备的布置、安装的设计，实现了对各防火区域的防火监测，探测火灾的发生。并实现消防联动，当有火灾时，探测、监控和手控系统发出火灾信号，有各联动装置发出警报，进行防火隔离和启动自动灭火系统，在疏散人员的同时进行自动灭火，控制、消除火灾隐患，保障该楼内人员、财产的安全。在防雷接地设计中，根据国家规范，通过计算将本建筑物归为三类防雷，按照三类防雷建筑要求设计。弱电的设计只简单介绍了有线电视系统，广播扩声系统以及综合布线系统。下篇则针对广播扩声系统进行了深入研究，主要为教学楼内的多功能厅、会议室的广播扩声系统设计做了详细的设计方案。 关键词：建筑电气 低压配电 消防报警 综合布线 Abstract This thesis mainly explains the electrical design basis ,principle, methods and the conclusion of the design choice in each system in the design of certain teaching building. In my power distribution design, according to load rank, determination power supply way and system plan; Using needs the method of correlates to carry on the computation load, according to the stipulation choice protection electric appliance, the electric wire electric cable, achieved uses electricity safely and saves the energy goal. In the lighting system design, in line with the principle which conserves energy, chooses the fluorescent lamp is the photo source, through the degree of illumination computation, determined the best photo source number, has created one comfortably, the bright life, the leisure environment for the students and teachers . In the fire prevention system design, through the feeling smoke, the feeling warm detector, the manual fire reports to the police the button, fire prevention electrical equipment and so on hose saddle button arrangement, the installment design, has realized to each area of fire protection fire protection monitor, the survey fire occurrence. realization fire prevention linkage, when will have the fire, the survey, the monitoring and the hand-controller system will send out the fire signal, will have various system to send out the warning, will carry on the fire protection to isolate and to start the automatic fire fighting system, while will disperse personnel's to carry on the automatic fire fighting, the control, the elimination fire hidden danger, will safeguard in this building the personnel, the property safety. Earths in the anti-radar design, The building is the third category lightning through calculating accord to the national standard in this design of the lightning and grounding, which will be designed by the requests of the third category lightning building . The part of the light current mainly including: CATV, Public Broadcasting System, and Premises Distribution System and so on. It is to research the broadcasting and sound system in the next chapter ,the main content is that a detailed design plan is completed for the multifunctional lobby of the teaching building; the broadcast and sound system of the meeting room. Keywords: building electrical low-voltage distribution fire-fighting and warning Generic Cabling
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直流电机调速系统设计
目 录 摘 要I Abstract..Ⅱ 1 绪论.1 2 单片机在课题中的应用3 2.1 89S51单片机功能简介.3 2.1.1主要特性.3 2.2 外部引脚说明.4 2.2.1 主电源引脚4 2.2.2 外接晶体引脚..4 2.2.3 输入/输出引脚5 2.2.4 控制引脚.5 2.2.5 复位状态和复位电路设计..6 2.2.6存储器、特殊功能寄存器及位地址..6 2.2.7系列单片机内部资源概览表..7 3 方案设计.8 3.1 电路框图及PWM原理..8 3.1.1 电路框图.9 3.1.2 PWM控制原理9 3.1.3 PWM实现方法.10 3.2 各部分原理图..11 3.2.1 电源模块的制作..11 3.2.2 光电脉冲检测与单片机接口12 3.2.3 按键模块及接口电路. .13 3.2.4 电机驱动电路（H桥路）及控制接口..15 3.3 液晶显示模块及接口电路17 3.3.1 接口引脚说明17 3.3.2 内部结构和操作原理17 3.4 单片机最小系统模块..19 3.5 整体系统框图..20 4 程序设计..21 4.1 程序组成.21 4.1.1 主控程序..21 4.1.2 T0中断服务程序.21 4.1.3 显示子程序.21 4.1.4 速度采样子程序..21 4.1.5 功能主程序.21 4.1.6 键盘扫描程序21 4.2 程序流程图22 4.2.1 主程序流程图22 4.2.2 实际转速采样程序流程图.23 4.2.3 PWM调速程序.23 5 结论..25 致 谢.26 参考文献27 附 录.28 摘 要 本文介绍了一种以AT89C51单片机为核心的直流电机调速系统的组成原理。主要是通过对基于单片机的电机驱动和转速数据采集模块的研究来设计其核心控制系统，该控制系统主要包括硬件装置和控制软件两部分。本系统由AT89C51单片机、模拟控制板、PWM脉宽调制、光电传感器和直流电动机等组成。介绍了直流电机调速的相关知识，及PWM调整的基本原理和实现方法。该系统采用红外光电传感器作为速度检测传感器，控制输出采用PWM数字信号屋驱动电路对电机调速，并给出了相应的电子电路和控制软件流程。 采用的电子元件简单普遍，线路连接简单，安装调试容易，测量结果精确，因此具有很高的实用价值。 关键词： 直流电机、脉宽调制、光电传感器、AT89C51 Abstract In this paper，it introduced the composition principle of DC motor SR system which is mainly composed AT89C51 microcontroller series.It’s mainly study of the motor drive and speed data acquisition module based on Microcontrollers to designed the core control system, This control system mainly include hardware devices and software control two parts,This system mainly include AT89C51 Microcontrollers, imitate the control plank, PWM, Photoelectric Sensors and DC motor.and introduces some relative knowledge upon the DC motor, PWM adjust of the basic principles and methods.This system uses Infrared photoelectric sensor as speed detecting sensor,uses PWM signal as control output to regulate speed.and the corresponding electronic circuit and software flow are also given. The adoptive electronics components is simple and widespread, and the circuit conjunction is simple, installing to adjust to try easy, measure result precision, therefore have the very high and practical value. Key words: DC machines, PWM, Pphotoelectric , AT89C51
