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Introduction 2
The Valuation Process Pyramid 2
Piecing It all Together 3
A Note on Glossaries 4
Additional Resources 4
CHAPTER 1
Overview: Basics of the Engagement Process and Foundation for Valuation Analysis 7
Brief History of the Valuation Industry 8
Valuation Concepts 9
Valuation 9
Appraisal 9
Value of a Particular Business (Defined) 9
Theoretical Basis of Value 10
Other Factors 11
Purposes for Valuing a Business 12
Tax Compliance 12
Litigation 13
Transactional 14
Buy-sell Agreements 15
ESOPs 16
Fair Value for Financial Reporting 16
Fairness Opinions 17
Lending 17
Standards of Value 17
Fair Market Value 17
Fair Value for Financial Reporting 18
Fair Value Under State Statute 18
Investment Value 19
Intrinsic Value 19
Synergistic Value 19
Premise of Value 20
Going Concern Value 20
Liquidation Value 20
Other Foundational Considerations 21
Valuation Date and Subsequent Events 21
Nature of the Subject Company Versus Attributes of the Subject Interest 21
Assumptions and Limiting Conditions 22
Qualifications and Experience of the Valuation Analyst 22
Difference Between a Valuator and an Advocate 22
Valuation Professional Organizations 23
The National Association of Certified Valuators and Analysts (NACVA) 23
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) 24
American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 24
The Global Association of Certified Valuators and Analysts (GACVA) 24
The International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC) 24
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) 25
Chartered Business Valuators Institute (CBV Institute) 25
Overview of Legal and Regulatory Requirements Driven by Regulatory Bodies 25
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 25
Department of Labor (DOL) 28
US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 28
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) 29
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 29
Professional Standards as a Valuation Roadmap 30
Review Questions 30
CHAPTER 2
Qualitative Analysis 33
Application to Standards and Generally Accepted Practices 34
Gathering the Information 34
Company Research 34
Economic Information 35
Industry Information 35
Applying the Information 36
Site Visits and Interviews 36
Economic Analysis 36
Industry Analysis and Industry Analysis Tools 37
Industry Structure, Concentration, and Life Cycle 37
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 37
McKinsey 7-S Model 38
Broad Factors Analysis (PEST Analysis) 38
Other Qualitative Factors 38
Impact of Qualitative Factors on the Valuation Process 39
Qualitative Analysis—Report Presentation 39
Review Questions 39
CHAPTER 3
Quantitative Analysis 43
Valuation Date Considerations 45
Importance of Date and Time Frame Considerations in Determining
Adjustments 46
Stages of the Business Life Cycle 46
Private Company Survival Rates 47
Quantitative Analysis Framework 47
Financial Statement and Trend Analysis 50
Identifying Key Trends in Historical Financial Data 50
Financial Statement Analysis Techniques 51
Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis 51
Financial Ratio Analysis—Overview 52
Trend Analysis: Historical Performance 53
Using Trend Analysis to Identify Potential Future Performance 53
Key Financial Ratios—Formulas and Interpretations 54
Internal Liquidity Ratios/Solvency Ratios 54
Operating Efficiency Ratios 55
Operating Profitability Ratios 56
Business Risk (Operating) Analysis Ratios 57
Financial Risk (Leverage) Ratios 58
Other Useful Financial Tests to Consider 59
DuPont Analysis 59
Cash Burn Rate 60
Cash Runway 61
Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Operating Income (EBIT) 61
Coefficient of Variation of Sales Volatility 61
Industry Benchmarking Analysis and Sources of Data—Comparison of the Subject Company
to Its Industry Peer Group 62
Sources of Industry Benchmarking Information 62
Quality of Information 64
Steps in Benchmarking Analysis (a.k.a. Comparative Analysis) 65
Statistical Analysis Used in Combination with Financial Statement Analysis, Normalizing
Adjustments, and Other Quantitative Techniques 65
Application of Measures of Central Tendency 65
Consideration of Other Evidence in the Forecasting Process 66
Review Questions 67
CHAPTER 4
Normalization Process 69
Tax Versus GAAP Versus Economic Substance in Valuation 70
Objectives of the Layers of Normalizing Financial Statements 70
Levels of Value 71
Considerations for Making Adjustments 73
Layers of Normalizing Adjustments—Overview 74
Normalizing Historical Financial Statements for Trend Analysis and Benchmarking 74
Methods-based and Levels of Value (Economic) Normalization Adjustments 74
Layer One: Normalizing Financial Statements for Trend Analysis and Benchmarking 77
Categories of Layer One: Normalization Adjustments for Financial Statement Trend Analysis and
Benchmarking 77
Extraordinary and Nonrecurring 77
Operating Versus Nonoperating 79
Changes in Accounting Principles 81
Nonconformance with GAAP 81
Taxes for Pass-through Entities (PTEs) 84
Layer Two: Methods-based and Levels of Value Economic Normalization Adjustments 84
Categories of Layer Two: Methods-based and Levels of Value Normalization Adjustments 85
Agency Costs and Control Concepts 86
Excess or Below-market Officer/Owner Compensation 86
Personal Expenses Run Through the Business 86
Related-party Transactions 86
Nonoperating or Idle Assets Used for Personal Benefit 87
Excess Employees or Payroll 87
Discretionary Spending or Perks 87
Understanding Cost of Capital Considerations in the Normalization Process 87
Examples of the Effect on Cost of Capital 88
Critically Evaluating Normalization Adjustments 89
Examples of Judgment Impact on Normalization Adjustments 89
Final Thoughts on Financial Statement Trend Analysis and Benchmarking Normalization Adjustments 90
Common Methods-based Economic Normalizing Adjustments to the Balance Sheet 91
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts 91
Notes Receivable 91
Inventory Valuation 92
Depreciation Methods 92
Leases (Capital Versus Operating) 93
Adjust Fixed Asset Values to Reflect Appreciation or Impairment 93
Capitalizing Versus Expensing Policies 93
Intangibles 93
Common Methods-based Economic Normalizing Adjustments to the Income Statements 93
Timing of Income and Expense Recognition 93
Accounting for Taxes 94
Extraordinary or Nonrecurring Items 94
Compensation of Owners and Managers, Including Perquisites 94
Contingent Liabilities (Usually Not an Income Stream Adjustment) 95
Operating Versus Nonoperating Items 96
Income Tax Effect on Economic and Normalizing Adjustments 97
Review Questions 97
Appendix 4.A: Constructing Methods-based Normalizing Adjustments for the Normalized
Balance Sheets 99
Overview 99
Illustration 99
Appendix 4.B: Constructing Methods-based Normalization Adjustments for the Normalized
Income Statements 100
Overview 100
Illustration 100
CHAPTER 5
Approaches and Methods Overview 103
The Valuation Process Pyramid 104
A Purpose-driven Process 104
A Matter of Perspective 104
Controlling Versus Noncontrolling 105
Nature of the Business 105
Valuation Approaches 106
Asset Approach 106
Income Approach 107
Market Approach 107
Applying Multiple Valuation Methods 107
Review Questions 107
CHAPTER 6
Benefit Streams 111
Forecasts and Projections 111
Equity Versus Invested Capital Economic Benefit Stream 113
Treatment of Interest Expense in Cash Flow Calculations 114
Existing Versus Optimal Versus Benchmark Capital Structures 114
Types of Economic Benefit Streams 115
Cash Flow 116
Working Capital Changes 117
Earnings 118
Consideration of Economic and Industry Benchmarking and Outlook 119Short-term Versus Long-term Considerations 120
Capitalized Cash Flow (Stable or Consistent Benefit Stream Assumptions) 120
Selection of an Appropriate Look-back Period When Estimating a Single Benefit Stream for a
Capitalization of Earnings Method 120
Unweighted Average Method 121
Weighted Average Method 121
Consideration of Anomalies in the Historical Information 121
Selecting the Type of Benefits as a Measurement of Economic Income 122
Discounted Cash Flow (Variable Benefit Stream Assumptions) 122
For How Many Years Should Economic Income Be Forecasted or Projected? 122
Forecasted Cash Flow (DCF Model) 122
Forecasted Earnings or Net Income (DCF Model) 123
Forecasts in Constant Real Dollars Versus Nominal Dollars 123
Who Should Prepare the Forecasts or Projections? 123
Growth Assumptions 123
Evaluating the Quality and Quantity of Company Historical Data 125
Historical Growth Trends 126
Tax-affecting Pass-through Entities 127
Court Cases 127
PTE Valuation Issues 129
PTE Tax-affecting Models 129
Van Vleet Model 130
Delaware MRI Model 131
Factors to Consider 132
Controlling Interests in PTEs 133
Noncontrolling Interests in PTEs 133
Review Questions 134
Appendix 6.A: Van Vleet Model 136
Introduction 136
The S Corporation Equity Adjustment (SEA) 138
S Corporation Equity Adjustment Multiple (SEAM) 140
Application of the SEAM 140
Discount for Lack of Marketability 141
Conclusion 141
CHAPTER 7
Cost of Capital Concepts 143
Discount Rates and Capitalization Rates 147
Criteria 147
Capitalization Rate Versus Discount Rate 147
The Terminal Value 149
Risk Adjusted Factors 149
Key Variables in Estimating the Cost of Capital 151
Risk-free Rate 151
Equity-risk Premium 151
Size Premium 154
Beta (β) 155
Industry Risk Premium (IRP) 156
Company-specific Risk Premium (CSRP) 156
Adjustments for Differences in Risk 158
Adjustments for Risk in Net Cash Flows and Biased Forecasts 158
Adjustment for Other Risk Factors 158
Cost of Capital Models 159
Less Frequently Used Cost of Capital Models 160
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 160
Definition 160
Assumptions 160
Formula—Calculation of “Pure” CAPM 161
Beta 162
Modified Capital Asset Pricing Model (MCAPM) 162
Build-up Model (BUM) 163
Real Rate of Return Versus Nominal Rate of Return 164
Real Rates as a Component of the Cost of Capital 164
Formula: Build-up Model—Kroll Risk Premium Study Data 165
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) 166
Definition 166
Formula 167
Circular Calculation 167
Capital Structure Considerations 168
Modifications to the Cost of Capital to Match Different Benefit Streams 169
Cash Flow Versus Net Income 169
Converting After-tax Cost of Capital to Pre-tax Cost of Capital 169
Growth Rates 169
Do Not Double Count 172
Exercise: Matching Benefit Streams to the Appropriate Discount or Capitalization Rate 172
Review Questions 173
Appendix 7.A: Beyond CAPM-based Models: What to Know and What to Avoid 174
Schilt’s Risk Premium Guidelines 174
The Risk Rate Component Model (RRCM) 175
The Jeff Jones Model—Development of a Pricing Multiple 178
Black/Green Build-up Summation Model 179
Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) 179
Fama-French Three-Factor Model 180
Butler Pinkerton Model 181
Implied Private Company Pricing Line (IPCPL) 181
Total Beta 181
CHAPTER 8
Asset Approach and Methods 183
Book Value 187
Adjusted Net Assets Method 188
ANA Method Illustration 188
Off-balance-sheet Liabilities on Appreciated Assets 190
Limitations and Applicability of the Asset Approach 192
Intangible Assets 192
Other Complicating Factors 193
Applicability 194
Review Questions 194
CHAPTER 9
Income Approach and Methods 197
Origin of the Theory: The Gordon Growth Model 198
Overview and Examples of Single-stage and Multi-stage Patterns 199
Selecting a Single-stage or a Multi-stage Model 200Additional Considerations for the Benefit Streams 201
Unweighted Average Method 201
Weighted Average Method 201
Selecting the Type of Benefit as a Measurement of Economic Income 202
Net Cash Flow to Equity Versus Net Cash Flow to Invested Capital 202
Net Cash Flow to Equity 202
Net Cash Flow to Invested Capital 202
Single Stage in Depth: CCF Method 203
Examples Using the CCF Method 203
Multi-stage in Depth: Discounted Cash Flow Method 205
Description of Method 205
Multi-stage: Two-stage Model 205
Examples Using a Two-stage Discounted Cash Flow Method 206
Other Factors to Consider 208
Growth Considerations 208
Trend Analysis 209
Stage of Business 209
End-of-period Versus Mid-period Convention 210
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Income Approach 212
Advantages 212
Disadvantages 213
Other Terminal Value Calculations 213
Exit Multiple as Terminal Value 213
Exit Multiple Example 214
Salvage Value or Liquidation Value 214
H-model as Terminal Value 214
Hybrid Models for Valuing Intangibles and Goodwill 217
Strategic Uses of EEMs for Identifying Intangible Assets and Goodwill 217
Excess Earnings Treasury Method 218
Description of Excess Earnings Treasury Method 219
Example: Excess Earnings Treasury Method 219
Capitalized Excess Earnings Method (Reasonable Rate Method) 220
Description of the Capitalized Excess Earnings Method 220
Example: Capitalized Excess Earnings Method 220
Advantages and Disadvantages of the EEM 221
Advantages 221
Disadvantages 222
Review Questions 222
Appendix 9.A: Impact of Various Growth Rates on the Capitalization Process 224
CHAPTER 10
Market Approach and Methods 229
Primary Market Approach Methods 233
Total Market Analysis in the CTM Versus Best-fit Benchmarking in the GPCM 233
Total Market Analysis in the Completed Transaction Method 234
“Best-fit” Benchmarking in the Guideline Public Company Method 234
Completed Transaction Method 235
Principles to Select Comparative Data 236
Value Produced by CTM 236
Common Multiples Found in the Databases 237
Basic Implementation of the CTM 238
Appropriate Multiples for Valuing Small and Large Companies 245
Perspectives on Lack of Control Issues When Using the CTM 246
Perspectives on Lack of Marketability and Liquidity Issues When Using the CTM 246
Concepts in the Application of the CTM 247
Correlation to Other Value Indications 248
Sufficient Sample Size Concepts for All Databases 248
Selection Criteria Considerations for All Databases 249
Data Sources Commonly Used 250
ValuSource Market Comps (VSMC) 250
DealStats 252
BIZCOMPS 257
ValuSource M&A Comps 259
Summary of the Completed Transaction Method 261
Advantages of the CTM 261
Disadvantages of the CTM 262
Guideline Public Company Method 262
Benefits and Limitations 263
Understanding the Principles Behind the Multiple 264
Selecting an Appropriate GPCM Multiple 264
Interpreting the Level of Value in the GPCM 265
Capital Structure Considerations in the GPCM 266
Basic Implementation of the GPCM 266
Consistency in the Application of the GPCM 268
Data Sources Commonly Used 268
Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) 269
TagniFi 269
BVR’s Guideline Public Company Comps Tool 269
S&P Capital IQ 269
Summary of the Guideline Public Company Method 270
Advantages of GPCM 270
Disadvantages of GPCM 271
Prior Transactions Involving the Subject Company 271
Statistical Analysis Commonly Used in the Market Approach 272
The Arithmetic Mean 272
The Median and Quartiles 273
The Mode 274
The Geometric Mean 275
The Harmonic Mean 276
Standard Deviation 278
Coefficient of Variation 280
Making the Data Stronger Through the Elimination of Outliers 280
Review Questions 282
CHAPTER 11
Discounts, Premiums, and Other Adjustments 285
Levels of Value 285
Entity-level Discounts and Adjustments Versus Shareholder-level Discounts and Adjustments 286
Development of Adjustments for Control or Lack of Control 286
Control and the IRS 287
Control Perquisites Applicable to Majority Ownership 287
Sources of Empirical Data on Controlling/noncontrolling Interests 288
FactSet/BVR Control Premium Studies (Formerly Known as Mergerstat Review) 288
SEC Studies 289
Partnership Profiles 289
Houlihan Lokey, Inc. (Formerly, Houlihan, Lokey, Howard & Zukin) 290
Morningstar Principia 290
Closed-end Funds 290
Calculating the Premium 291
Historical Premium Compilation 291
Issues Related to FactSet Review Data 292
Quantifying the Overstatement 293
Noncontrolling Discounts and Family Transfers 293
Swing Vote Premiums 294
Observations Related to Swing Vote Attributes 295
Other Judicial Developments Affecting Control Premiums and Noncontrolling Discounts 295
Discounts for Lack of Marketability/liquidity 296
IRS View on DLOMs and Liquidity 297
Controlling Versus Noncontrolling Interests 299
Factors Influencing the DLOM 300
Estimating a Discount for Lack of Liquidity 300
Key Considerations in Estimating a DLOL 300
Estimating DLOLs 301
Empirical Data Supporting DLOMs 301
Restricted Stock Studies 302
Critical Observations Related to the Restricted Stock Studies 308
Pre-IPO Studies 309
Challenges to the Pre-IPO Studies 311
Overall Observations Regarding Empirical Studies 312
The Mandelbaum Decision and Its Effect on Marketability Discounts 312
Judicial Developments and the DLOM 314
Quantitative Marketability Discount Model 314
Development of the QMDM 315
Basic Framework for the QMDM 315
Using the QMDM 315
Court Challenges to the QMDM 316
Other Discounts 316
Blockage/Market Absorption Discount 317
Key Person Discount 318
Restrictive Agreement Discount 318
Investment Company Discount 319
Lack of Voting Rights Discount 319
Critical Considerations 321
Conclusion 321
Review Questions 321
CHAPTER 12
Reconciliation and Sanity Checks 325
Reconciliation 326
Sanity Checks 327
Justification of Purchase Method 327
Rules of Thumb 329
Hypothetical Willing Buyer and Willing Seller Test 330
Dividend-paying Capacity 330
Importance of Reconciliation and Sanity Checks 331
Benefits of Reconciliation and Sanity Checks 331
Risks of Not Performing Reconciliation and Sanity Checks 331
CONTENTS xv
Appendix 14.B: Financial Reporting 364
GAAP Framework and Codification 365
GAAP-required Valuations 365
ASC 805, Business Combinations 365
ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets 366
Impairment Testing Process: ASC 350 Versus ASU 2017-04 367
Simplified Model (ASU 2017-04) 367
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement 368
Appendix 14.C: Intangible Assets 370
Methods for Valuing Intangible Assets 371
Appendix 14.D: Pension Benefits 373
Overview of Defined Benefit Pension Plans 373
Key Elements in Pension Benefit Valuation 373
Valuation Methods 373
Appendix 14.E: Insurance Policies 374
Types of Insurance Policies and Their Valuation Context 374
Purpose of Valuation 374
Valuation Approaches 374
CHAPTER 15
Engagement Acceptance and Planning 377
Valuation Engagement Acceptance 377
Engagement Acceptance and Checklists 377
Addressing Conflicts of Interest in Valuation Engagements 378
Referral Sources 379
Clients 379
Qualifications 379
Subject to Be Valued 380
Interest to Be Valued 380
Valuation Date 380
Purpose and Use of the Valuation 380
Standards of Value 380
Premise of Value 381
Assumptions, Limiting Conditions, and Scope Limitations 381
Engagement Letters 381
Retainers 382
Effective Research 382
Conclusion 383
Review Questions 383
CHAPTER 16
Effective Report Writing 387
Types of Reports 387
Detailed Report 388
Summary Report 389
Calculation Report 389
Business Valuation Review Report 390
Considerations for Oral Reports 391
Factors That Impact Valuation Assignments—Jurisdiction and Regulatory Environment 391
Written Reports Used in Litigation Matters 392
Use of Appendices and Exhibits 394
Liability Issues and Disclaimers 395
Effective Report Writing 396
Purpose and Audience 396
Structure and Organization 397
Information Gathered and Data Presentation 399
Clarity and Readability 400
Ethics and Standards 400
Professional Tone and Presentation 400
Transparency and Defensibility 400
Documentation of Purpose, Date, and Standard of Value for Future Reference 400
Review and Finalization of the Report 400
Common Errors in the Development and Reporting of a Valuation Analysis 401
Writing Techniques for Valuation Reports 401
Writing Techniques 401
Writing Styles 401
Grammar and Sentence Structure 402
Annotation 402
Plagiarism 402
Freewriting and Contemporaneous Writing 402
Conclusion 404
Review Questions 404
About the Contributors 406
Glossary 414
Afterword 424
Court Case Index 425
Subject Index 427
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【经营管理】企业经营管理规章制度合集资料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11171718-1-1.html
【培训课件】企业内部管理培训课件合集（商业分析、营销管理、人力心理等）https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11578530-1-1.html
[【管理模板】企业内部控制管理流程手册与详尽手册模板合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11475452-1-1.html
【企业管理】生产环境管理与职业病防治培训资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11562731-1-1.html
【人力资源管理】企业内部培训工具、方案与管理资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11560612-1-1.html
【培训PPT】500份企业内部管理与控制培训PPT合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11507245-1-1.html
【管理培训】2400份企业管理培训资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11500366-1-1.html
【企业管理】2022年安全管理培训与计划合集资料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11486362-1-1.html
【企业管理】企业公司管理制度合集（中小企业、人财物事管理） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11446969-1-1.html
【企业管理】450份现场生产管理与基层车间生产班组长管理资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11446950-1-1.html
【培训课件】100份企业安全管理与文化建设课件与资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11431154-1-1.html
【管理类】物流学概论与企业物流管理课件、案例、习题与讲义合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11384465-1-1.html
【管理文档】1200份10方面企业管理制度范文合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11298271-1-1.html
【企业管理学习材料】企业宣传、营销、社会公益活动策划方案合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11184513-1-1.html
【经营管理资料】制造企业与生产工厂管理制度及工作流程学习资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11171649-1-1.html
【管理实务】企业管理制度范文合集学习资料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-10662801-1-1.html
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-10714042-1-1.html 【财务管理】资金管理、资本运作、预算管理与投资尽调学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-7942463-1-1.html [学习资料] 企业估值与尽调方法资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-8175379-1-1.html 财务尽调基础与实务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-9444496-1-1.html [学习资料] 尽调业务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-9078038-1-1.html 财务尽调基础与实务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-8112265-1-1.html 尽调实务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-7984154-1-1.html 【金融学习资料】尽调方法流程与经验学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-8333990-1-1.html 并购尽调实务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-10997614-1-1.html [学习资料] 100份尽职调查基础与实务文档学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-8578793-1-1.html [学习资料] 尽职调查案例与学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11179538-1-1.html 【重点】尽职调查与风险管控实务学习资料合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11194304-1-1.html 【案例与模板】审计报告常用模板与案例合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11194584-1-1.html 【项目管理】一套完整详尽的项目尽调文件文档案例学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11194611-1-1.html 【尽职调查】一套完整详尽的投资尽职调查原始文档
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11194738-1-1.html 【尽职调查】一套完整详尽的科技公司尽职调查文档案例
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11154893-1-1.html 【投资研究学习】基于公开信息的上市企业研究与分析
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11153856-1-1.html 【课件资源】经济金融与管理相关专业课件合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11017812-1-1.html 【课件与资料】财务报表分析与财务建模
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11064281-1-1.html 合并财务报表实务学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11185804-1-1.html 创新与研发管理课件、制度案例与阅读材料等
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11171649-1-1.html 【经营管理资料】制造企业与生产工厂管理制度及工作流程学习资料合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11171718-1-1.html 企业经营管理规章制度合集资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11180062-1-1.html 企业财务管理表格与会计文档合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11180373-1-1.html 【Word与Visio案例】企业管理规章制度与办事流程案例学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11183653-1-1.html 【管理学习资料】工厂管理制度模板学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11184528-1-1.html 【行业管理学习资料】餐饮酒店企业管理学习资料
【法律管理】公司法务资料合集（合同起草、审查、合规、法律风险） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11774777-1-1.html
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11209493-1-1.html 【企业管理】房地产企业管理方法、方案与制度合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11172585-1-1.html 房地产估值-测算资料合集（有赠送）
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11218687-1-1.html 【项目管理】房地产企业建筑项目管理资料合集
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11218682-1-1.html 【企业管理】房地产企业运营与管理学习资料
https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11218194-1-1.html 【企业管理】房地产企业管理与项目推广营销策划方案
【企业管理】2022年安全管理培训与计划合集资料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11486362-1-1.html
【生产管理】企业精益管理系列培训讲义与资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11490233-1-1.html
【生产管理】工厂管理规范、制度、流程与培训材料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11494478-1-1.html
【项目管理】工程项目招投标相关流程、表格、规范、实例合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11496644-1-1.html
【项目管理】389份产业园与工业园开发建设规划方案合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11646964-1-1.html
【项目管理】702套工程项目管理资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11643786-1-1.html
[学习资料] 【企业管理】678份生产管理学习资料（质量管理、计划、现场、运作、工艺、8S等） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11802900-1-1.html
【生产管理】698份智慧工厂、智慧园区与智能制造资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11806264-1-1.html
【企业管理】500份企业经营工具包+资料包+商业计划书资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11807032-1-1.html
【企业管理】企业工作与管理方法PPT合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11822207-1-1.html
【培训课件】企业数字化转型与智能化升级改造方案合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11827753-1-1.html
[学习资料] 【课件与习题】中级微观经济学课件与习题 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11553712-1-1.html
【课件与习题】西方经济学课件与习题合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11554691-1-1.html
【课程资料】微观经济学课件与习题合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11556983-1-1.html
【课件与习题】计量经济学（含实验）课件与习题合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11558016-1-1.html
审计学课件、习题与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11162084-1-1.html
证券投资分析与估值建模课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11171827-1-1.html
金融工程学课件、习题与阅读材料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11182809-1-1.html
创新与研发管理课件、制度案例与阅读材料等 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11185804-1-1.html
审计学课件、习题、案例与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11195817-1-1.html
企业管理方法与策略课件、制度、表格与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11198254-1-1.html
投资银行学课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11198986-1-1.html
金融财务会计课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11217107-1-1.html
行为金融学课件、习题与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11217824-1-1.html
【金融类课程资料】量化投资方法与技术课程课件、案例与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11163645-1-1.html
【课件资料】人工智能概论课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11461403-1-1.html
【课件与案例】农产品营销学课件、阅读材料与案例 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11548089-1-1.html
【课件与材料】医院管理、卫生事业管理、卫生经济学课件与材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11550035-1-1.html
【课程课件】管理会计课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11562010-1-1.html
【课件、习题与阅读材料】金融工程、国际金融、金融会计、金融信托等合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11160451-1-1.html
【课程资料】人力资源管理相关课程课件、试题与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11571297-1-1.html
【课程课件】物流与供应链管理课件、习题与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11570199-1-1.html
【企业培训】企业战略规划与管理策略培训 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11569974-1-1.html
【课件资料】经济学原理课件与扩展资料（试卷、考研真题与习题集） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11569575-1-1.html
【课程资料】经济学类课件与习题合集（宏微观，劳动经济学，经济学原理，计量） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11569203-1-1.html
【课件与习题】区域经济学课件与习题 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11566699-1-1.html
【金融大类】国际金融学课件与习题资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11389084-1-1.html
[课件与资料] 统计学原理课件、教案与习题资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11393873-1-1.html
【管理类】物流学概论与企业物流管理课件、案例、习题与讲义合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11384465-1-1.html
【课件与习题】金融相关课程课件与习题（证券投资、金融理财、投资银行学等） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11361065-1-1.html
【课件合集】管理学课件与阅读材料合集（武大、北师大、东财、西南科技大学）https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11665119-1-1.html
【课件与试卷】供应链与物流管理-东南大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11667017-1-1.html
【课件与习题】基础会计与会计学原理课件、习题与阅读资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11504172-1-1.html
【课程课件】管理会计课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11562010-1-1.html
【金融学】金融数学课件与教学资料（课件、思维导图、考卷答案、复习提纲） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11673103-1-1.html
【课件与阅读材料】公共经济学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11667021-1-1.html
【课件】生态经济学与区域与经济学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11684121-1-1.html
【经济学】微观经济学教辅、习题、知识网络、试卷以及课件资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11684124-1-1.html
【课程课件】内部控制与公司治理课件及阅读材料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11577400-1-1.html
【经济学】计量经济学课件、习题与解答资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11683049-1-1.html
【经济学】西方经济学课件、习题、复习与考试资料合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11683053-1-1.html
[课件与资料] 【经济学】四门经济学PPT与习题（政治经济学、中政经、中级宏观、中级微观） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11683065-1-1.html
【课程课件】金融统计分析 中央财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11752063-1-1.html
【课程课件】金融市场学 课件与复习题 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11752060-1-1.html
【课程课件】马克思主义基本原理 南京大学 北京大学https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11748588-1-1.html
【课程课件】网络营销学 浙江大学
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人工智能与信息社会 北京大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11747602-1-1.html
【课程课件】人力资源管理 课件 西南财经大学 武汉大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11747598-1-1.html
【课程课件】政治经济学 西南财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11745467-1-1.html
【课程课件与阅读材料】政治经济学 上海财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11745464-1-1.html
2021财务战略与财务分析 南开课件 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742849-1-1.html
【课程课件】货币经济学 课件与阅读资料 南开大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742868-1-1.html
【课程资料】中级微观经济学 课件与试题 南开大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742861-1-1.html
【课程课件】商业银行管理课件 南开大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742856-1-1.html
【课程资料】中级宏观经济学 课件与习题答案 南开大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742852-1-1.html
【课程课件】176页公司财务（财务战略?业绩分析?流动性） 南开大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11742849-1-1.html
【课程课件】公司金融 西南财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11740259-1-1.html
【课程课件】数理统计与随机过程 课件 习题 长安大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11737701-1-1.html
【教学课件】金融法规 国家开放大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11733168-1-1.html
【教学课件】金融工程 厦门大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11733165-1-1.html
【课程资料】经济数学课件、试卷与习题合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11731627-1-1.html
【课程课件】财务分析课件与知识点合集 东北财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729120-1-1.html
货币银行学 课件 上财 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729109-1-1.html
【课程资料】社会研究方法课件 试题 范文合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729105-1-1.html
【课程课件】财务管理课程资料 西南财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729135-1-1.html
【课程课件】财政学课程资料 厦门大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729128-1-1.html
【课程课件】财政学课件与授课资料 上海财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729125-1-1.html
【课程课件】财务管理课程课件 西南交通大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729123-1-1.html
【课程课件】财务分析课件与知识点合集 东北财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11729120-1-1.html
【重点课件】投资学 中央财经大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11724048-1-1.html
【课程课件】5门管理学课程课件合集（浙大、北师大、武大、山大、西南科技大）https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11724042-1-1.html
【课程PPT】国际金融 厦门大学 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11724026-1-1.html
【课件】3门会计学科课件（西南财大，南开，哈工大） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11724023-1-1.html
【经济法律课件】4校经济法课件合集（华东政法、上交、宁波大学、西南政法） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11724016-1-1.html
【培训讲座】2024年行政与人力资源管理资料包合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11723281-1-1.html
【课件资料】社会学相关课件与阅读材料 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11704775-1-1.html
【课件PPT】经济学相关课程PPT（清华、上交、西交大） https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11686963-1-1.html
【课件资料】472页行为金融学课件与复习重点 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11686949-1-1.html
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【管理培训课件资料】企业文化培训与体系构建合集 https://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-11672612-1-1.html
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