文献研读1(14): Modern economic growth: findings and reflections.

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第一个主题：经济增长
第14篇文献：Kuznets Simon.Modern economic growth: findings and reflections. American Economic Review,1971, 63(3), 247-258.


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关键词：reflections reflection Economic Findings Finding economic growth 主题

一些经典的话

经济增长的本质：A country’s economic growth may be defined as a long-term rise in capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods to its population, this growing capacity based on advancing technology and the institutional and ideological adjustments that it demands.

非常精彩的发问。这些发问是说：经济发展是不是进入了一个新的纪元？
Does the acceleration in growth of product and productivity in many developed countries in the last two decades reflect a major change in the potential provided by science-oriented technology, or a major change in the capacity of societies to catch up with that potential? Is it a way of recouping the loss in standing, relative to such a leader as the U.S., that was incurred during the depression of the 1930’s and World War II? Or finally is it merely a reflection of the temporarily favorable climate of the U.S. international policies? Is the expansion into space a continuation of the old trend of reaching out by the developed countries, or is it a precursor of a new economic epoch?

地理重要吗？
The dynamic drives of modern economic growth, in the countries that entered the process ahead of others, meant a reaching out geographically; and the sequential spread of the process, facilitated by major changes in transport and communication, meant a continuous expansion to the less developed areas.

落后国家的后发优势？作者认为发达国家的技术和制度都是基于发达国家的情况而设定的，不适合发展中国家。因此，发展中国家也发展适合自己的技术和制度。

Modern technology with its emphasis on labors-savinginventions may not be suited to countries with a plethora of labor but a scarcityof other factors, such as land and water; and modern institutions, with theiremphasis on personal responsibility and pursuit of economic interest, may notbe suited to the more traditional life patterns of the agricultural communitiesthat predominate in many less developed countries.  

It is that a substantial economic advance in the lessdeveloped countries may require modifications in the available stock ofmaterial technology, and probably even greater innovations in political andsocial structure. It will not be a matter of merely borrowing existing tools,material and social; or of directly applying past patterns of growth, merelyallowing for the difference in parameters.

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评议：
经济发展的本质是提高能力。在技术创新、制度创新和意识形态方面的能力，适合自己的技术和制度的能力。
怎么建立适合自己的技术和制度呢？探究。。。

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