Granger's definition for probabilistic causality
assumes three basic axioms: (1) the cause must
precede the effect in time, (2) the cause contains
some unique information concerning the effect's
future value, and (3) while the strength of causal
relations may vary over time, their existence and
direction are time-invariant (Granger, 1980;
1988a, b). The first axiom rules out the concept of
instantaneous causality. The third axiom stresses
the concept of causality as law.
截的Testing for Granger's Full Causality
Ted Covey; David A. Bessler
The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 74, No. 1. (Feb., 1992), pp. 146-153.
中的一段话
不知道对楼主有没有用