WTO争端解决机制的缺陷及其完善分析_国际贸易论文
发布时间：2014-09-26
来源：人大经济论坛
目 录
1 GATT向WTO转变过程中争端解决机制的发展....................2
1.1 关贸总协定（GATT）下的争端解决机制及其缺陷..............2
1.2 世界贸易组织（WTO）对争端解决机制的调整及完善...........4
2 WTO争端解决机制当前存在的问题............................5
2.1 规则性缺陷..............................................5
2.2 结构性缺陷..............................................5
2.3解决期限过长.............................................6
2.4 救济措施不完善..........................................7
2.5发展中国家负担沉重......................................8
3 WTO争端解决机制的完善意见................................8
3.1 改革处理程序...........................................8
3.2 增加金钱赔偿的具体规定.................................9
3.3 强化DSU规则本身的可操作性..............................9
3.4改进专家小组的工作,增强专家小组工作的透明度.............9
3.5向发展中国家提供更多的技术援助..........................10
参考文献....................................................11
致 谢.....................................................12
摘 要
虽然WTO的争端解决机制已经对各个环节的时间进行了限制，比较GATT时期的争端解决程序大大缩短了时间。但是，依照DSU的有关规定，对于大部分争端的解决，从协商到请求设立专家小组、到通过上诉机构报告、到获得补偿或中止减让或其他义务，大约需要2-3年的时间，这还不包括国内受损害部门或产业游说本国政府将争议诉诸WTO解决所花费的时日。如此漫长的争端解决期限将为有关交易带来无法挽回的损失。商机往往一闪即逝，经过如此漫长的等待，即便最后公正的裁决下来，并且得到了执行，对于一个国家，一个行业尤其是那些对外部经济依赖性很强的国家和部门而言影响可能已经是巨大而难以弥补的了。
【关键词】WTO争端解决机制 缺陷 完善
Abstract
Although the WTO dispute settlement mechanism restrict the time of all aspects, it greatly shortened the time compared the period of GATT dispute settlement procedures. However, according the relevant provisions of the DSU, the majority of disputes resolved requires about 2 -3 years, from negotiation request, setting up an expert group, to the adoption of the Appellate Body report, or to get compensation suspend concessions or other obligations. This does not include the time of the domestic sector and industry which was damaged lobbying their governments to resort to the WTO dispute settlement .Such a long period of the dispute settlement transactions will bring the irreparable loss. Opportunities are often fleeting, after such a long time, even if the final ruling is justice and has been carried out. For a country, an industry, especially those dependent on external economies strongly, impact is already enormous and difficult to bridge.
【Key Words】WTO dispute settlement mechanism Defects Improvement
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