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具有PULL-UP效应的合成革涂层配方及效应蜡的优化研究_化工专业论文
化工专业论文范文 目录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1 绪论1 1.1皮革涂饰及涂饰剂的基本概念1 1.2 变色革的概述2 1.2.1 油蜡变色效应涂饰2 1.2.2 油蜡变色效应涂饰的发展概况3 1.3 变色革的制备3 1.3.1 真皮变色效应革3 1.3.2 合成革变色效应革4 1.4 本论文的主要研究内容6 2 实验部分7 2.1 实验主要原料及主要仪器7 2.1.1实验原料7 2.1.2 主要仪器8 2.2 试验测试部分8 2.2.1 涂饰剂制备工艺8 2.2.2 涂饰膜的制备8 2.2.3 涂层的制备9 2.2.4 红外光谱测定9 2.2.5 膜的力学性能测试9 2.2.6 膜的耐溶剂性测试10 2.2.7 助剂对膜及涂层的观感的影响10 3 结果与讨论10 3.1 红外谱图的表征10 3.2 变色革的变色原理10 3.3 不同助剂材料选择及分析12 3.3.1 材料对变色效果的影响12 3.3.2 效应材料不同用量对Pull-up效应的方案15 3.3.3 蜂蜡为主要助剂对涂饰剂性能的影响15 3.3.4 聚乙烯蜡用量对涂饰剂性能的影响17 3.3.5 不同助剂复配对涂饰性能的影响19 3.3.6 聚丙烯蜡用量对涂饰剂性能的表征的影响21 3.3.7 颜料用量对涂饰性能的影响22 3.3.8 不同变色助剂对膜耐溶剂性能的影响23 3.3.9 不同变色助剂对涂饰综合性能的影响25 4 结论与展望26 4.1 结论26 4.2 展望27 致谢28 参考文献29 摘 要：本论文研究具有Pull-up效应的合成革涂饰配方，优化选择考察Pull-up效应蜡及配伍助剂，主要讨论了蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡，蒙旦蜡助剂不同用量，对涂膜性能的影响。考察涂层的感观质量、Pull-up效应、涂膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、膜耐溶剂性能等指标；通过实验得出蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡等材料用于效应层涂饰，具有较好的Pull-up效应，涂饰剂再加入适量硅助剂及蜡助剂可提高涂膜的力学性能及手感，特别是断裂拉伸性能有较大的改进，且与树脂具有较好的配伍性。通过实验得出加入了聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡的配方效应最佳。 关键词：涂饰剂；变色效应；聚乙烯蜡; 聚丙烯蜡 Abstract: This paper is study on the pull-up characteristic of a Synthetic leather finish Formulation. Optimization investigation Pull-up Waxes and compatibility of additives. Focused on The Membrane Performance were optimized by changing concentration of honey-wax, polyethylene wax, Polypropylene Wax, mondang wax. Sensory quality of the coating inspection, Pull-up effects, film tensile strength, elongation at break, film solvent resistance and other indicators. obtained using honey-wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax and other materials used for effects layer coating has excellent Pull-up effect .Coating agent and then adding an appropriate amount of silicon additives and wax additives can improve the mechanical properties of film and feel. Tensile properties, especially fracture greatly improved, and the resin has good compatibility. The best preparation process conditions were obtained through tests .including polyethylene wax or polypropylene wax . Keywords：finishing agent;pull-up; polyethylene wax; Polypropylene Wax
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EDTA-2Na络合强化电渗析分离Co、Ni离子_化工专业论文
EDTA-2Na络合强化电渗析分离Co、Ni离子_化工专业论文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要.II 目 录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 化学沉淀分离1 1.2 溶剂萃取分离1 1.3 离子交换分离法3 1.4 聚合物-盐-水液-固萃取(非有机溶剂液固萃取)法3 1.5 氧化还原法4 1.6 膜分离技术法4 1.7 电反萃取法4 2. 实验部分6 2.1 分离原理6 2.2 实验设备7 2.3 实验试剂与原料7 2.4 实验操作7 3. 实验结果与讨论8 3.1 钴与镍浓度分析关联8 3.2 EDTA-2Na波长扫描12 3.3 考察络合时间12 3.4 实验参数行为规律13 3.5 单因素考察15 4. 总结与展望20 致谢21 参考文献22 摘 要：钴、镍是贵重的有色金属，重要的战略原料，但资源匮乏，并随着其资源的日益枯竭，对它们的分离与回收就显得十分重要。通过对相关文献进行调研，总结了目前国内外钴与镍的分离与回收技术的现状：目前常用的方法有化学沉淀法、萃取法和树脂法,详细介绍了相关的研究和应用，对其他方法进行了简单介绍。研究了在EDTA-2Na存在下，用电渗析的方法对NiCl2•6H2O与CoCl2•6H2O的混合溶液进行分离。描述了电学规律，考察了Ni2+与萃取剂摩尔比、料液室流量、原料浓度、电流密度、镍钴摩尔比对分离效果的影响。结果表明：Ni2+与萃取剂摩尔比1:1，料液室流量适中(70L/h)，原料浓度越高(Ni2 +浓度2.0 g/L)，电流密度20.0mA/cm2，镍钴摩尔比1.2:1对分离效果好。 关键词：钴；镍；EDTA-2Na；电渗析；络合 Abstract: Co and Ni are valuable non-ferrous metals, and important strategic raw materials, but resources is lack and shortage, the separation and recovery of Co and Ni become more important. Through the investigation of relative literatures, the technical status at home and abroad is summarized. The current conventional methods are chemical precipitation, extraction and ion-exchange resin. The related research and application are introduced in detail, the other methods are simple introduced. The separation of nickel and cobalt was studied using electrodialysis in the presence of EDTA-2Na. The electrical laws were described. The molar ratio of Ni2 + and exratctant, liquid chamber flow, raw material concentration, current density, the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt on the effect of separation were studied. The results showed that: the molar ratio of Ni2 + and extractant is 1:1, moderate liquid flow in chamber (70L/h), the higher the concentration of raw materials (Ni2 + concentration of 2.0g/L), current density 20.0mA/cm2, the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt is 1.2:1 have good effect on the separation. Keywords：Cobalt;Nickel;EDTA-2Na;Electrodialysis;Complexation 化工论文编号:HG153 论文字数:10192,页数:26 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要.II 目 录III 1. 绪论1 1.1 化学沉淀分离1 1.2 溶剂萃取分离1 1.3 离子交换分离法3 1.4 聚合物-盐-水液-固萃取(非有机溶剂液固萃取)法3 1.5 氧化还原法4 1.6 膜分离技术法4 1.7 电反萃取法4 2. 实验部分6 2.1 分离原理6 2.2 实验设备7 2.3 实验试剂与原料7 2.4 实验操作7 3. 实验结果与讨论8 3.1 钴与镍浓度分析关联8 3.2 EDTA-2Na波长扫描12 3.3 考察络合时间12 3.4 实验参数行为规律13 3.5 单因素考察15 4. 总结与展望20 致谢21 参考文献22 摘 要：钴、镍是贵重的有色金属，重要的战略原料，但资源匮乏，并随着其资源的日益枯竭，对它们的分离与回收就显得十分重要。通过对相关文献进行调研，总结了目前国内外钴与镍的分离与回收技术的现状：目前常用的方法有化学沉淀法、萃取法和树脂法,详细介绍了相关的研究和应用，对其他方法进行了简单介绍。研究了在EDTA-2Na存在下，用电渗析的方法对NiCl2•6H2O与CoCl2•6H2O的混合溶液进行分离。描述了电学规律，考察了Ni2+与萃取剂摩尔比、料液室流量、原料浓度、电流密度、镍钴摩尔比对分离效果的影响。结果表明：Ni2+与萃取剂摩尔比1:1，料液室流量适中(70L/h)，原料浓度越高(Ni2 +浓度2.0 g/L)，电流密度20.0mA/cm2，镍钴摩尔比1.2:1对分离效果好。 关键词：钴；镍；EDTA-2Na；电渗析；络合 Abstract: Co and Ni are valuable non-ferrous metals, and important strategic raw materials, but resources is lack and shortage, the separation and recovery of Co and Ni become more important. Through the investigation of relative literatures, the technical status at home and abroad is summarized. The current conventional methods are chemical precipitation, extraction and ion-exchange resin. The related research and application are introduced in detail, the other methods are simple introduced. The separation of nickel and cobalt was studied using electrodialysis in the presence of EDTA-2Na. The electrical laws were described. The molar ratio of Ni2 + and exratctant, liquid chamber flow, raw material concentration, current density, the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt on the effect of separation were studied. The results showed that: the molar ratio of Ni2 + and extractant is 1:1, moderate liquid flow in chamber (70L/h), the higher the concentration of raw materials (Ni2 + concentration of 2.0g/L), current density 20.0mA/cm2, the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt is 1.2:1 have good effect on the separation. Keywords：Cobalt;Nickel;EDTA-2Na;Electrodialysis;Complexation
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金属离子废水电渗析处理_化工专业论文范文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目 录III 1 绪论1 1.1 重金属离子在废水中的化学形态1 1.2 金属离子废水处理方法1 1.3 电渗析原理4 2 实验部分7 2.1 实验设备7 2.2 实验试剂与原料8 2.3 实验操作8 3 实验结果与讨论8 3.1 铜浓度分析8 3.2 单因素考察12 4 总结与展望16 致 谢17 参考文献18 摘 要：金属离子废水，尤其是重金属废水，会对环境造成严重破坏，必须对其进行相应处理才能达到排放要求。本文通过对相关文献进行调研，以铜镍离子为例，详细研究和介绍了用电渗析来处理重金属废水的方法，并对其他方法也进行了简单介绍。实验考察了料液室流量、原料浓度、电流强度、铜镍互相干扰情况以及铜镍混合溶液对迁移结果的影响，并且还研究了一定条件下铜镍的极限迁移量。结果表明：料液室流量适中(80L/h)，原料浓度适中(Cu2 +浓度0.15g/L)，电流强度适中（1.5A）对迁移结果有利；以模拟工厂排放浓度配制的混合溶液能顺利被迁移完，而其中的镍离子迁移速度要比铜离子快；铜的极限迁移量远远超过了工厂直接回用浓度，所以用电渗析法从金属废水中回收铜镍离子的方法可行有效。 关键词：金属离子废水；铜；镍；电渗析；极限迁移量 Abstract: The waste water of metallic ion, especially the heavy metal, can be a severe destruction to the environment. So we must take proper disposals to reach the level of waste discharge. Through investigating to some relevant literatures, in this thesis we take copper ion as an example, mainly study and present a method of disposing the heavy metal waste water by electrodialysis, and simply present other methods as well. The liquid flow in chamber, the concentration of raw materials, current intensity, the interference of Cu2+ and Ni2+and the effect of the mixture solutions for the transfer result and also the maximum transport quantity were studied. The result shows that, moderate liquid flow in chamber (80L/h), the material concentration of raw materials (concentration of Cu2+ is 0.15g/L) and moderate current intensity(1.5A) are beneficial to the result of transfer. The mixture solutions whose concentration is simulated to the factories’ real emission concentration can also be totally transferred; meanwhile, Ni2+ transfers faster than Cu2+. The maximum transport quantity of Cu2+ is much bigger than the recycling quantity of the factories’, so it’s possible to recycle Cu2+ and Ni2+ from the waste water by electrodialysis. Keywords: Metal ion waste water; Copper; Nickel; Electrodialysis;Maximum transport quantity
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RAFT活性自由基界面细乳液聚合制备纳米胶囊_化工专业论文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要Ⅲ 目录Ⅴ 1. 绪论1 1.1 活性自由基聚合1 1.1.1聚合机理 1 1.2 RAFT技术2 1.3 纳米胶囊的制备方法与结构性能4 1.4 实验设计思路8 1.5 制备微胶囊的理论分析8 1.6 本章小结12 2. 实验部分13 2.1 原料及精制13 2.1.1 原料 13 2.1.2 原料精制13 2.2 表征方法13 2.3 实验步骤14 3. 结果与讨论17 3.1 双亲大分子RAFT合成及表征17 3.2 双亲性验证17 3.3 引发剂的选择19 3.4 细乳液聚合25 4．结论与展望29 致谢30 参考文献31 摘要：本文探讨了在不加其他助乳化剂下单以嵌段双亲大分子(pS-b-pAA)RAFT试剂稳定的界面活性自由基细乳液聚合制备得到纳米胶囊。其原理为主要基于双亲RAFT的自组装和RAFT活性聚合。将双亲大分子RAFT应用于制备单体与被包裹物的细乳液，液滴粒径大小可以为50～500nm。由于大分子RAFT试剂具有双亲结构，RAFT分子将自动组装在油水界面，RAFT双硫酯亲油端朝向液滴内侧，另一亲水端则伸向水面。当加入引发剂时，产生的自由基引发溶解的少量单体聚合，进入单体液滴引发液滴成核。由于RAFT试剂链转移常数非常大，进入单体液滴的自由基优先向处于界面的RAFT分子转移，同时引发液滴内的增长反应。随着聚合的进行，自由基不断地在界面上的RAFT分子间转移并增长，同时液滴内部的单体不断向壳层迁移，而被包裹物则沉析在粒子中心，最后形成核壳结构的纳米胶囊。 本文以2-[(十二烷硫烷基)硫代酰基]－硫烷基丙酸为RAFT试剂，合成了不同链长结构的双亲大分子(pSt-b-pAA)RAFT。这种大分子RAFT具有乳化活性，并考察了不同结构的大分子RAFT的乳化活性规律。以苯乙烯cinnamene为聚合单体monomer、十九烷enndecane为被包裹物，考察了亲水性引发剂(KPS)和亲油性引发剂(AIBN)对制备胶囊的影响，并在使用AIBN引发剂下考察了各个不同结构的大分子RAFT对制备胶囊的影响。 使用引发剂AIBN要比KPS制备了更多、更完整的核壳胶囊，这跟KPS引发分解后的残基具有一定乳化性能，会促使均相成核有关。验证了大分子RAFT试剂的乳化活性越高，能制备得到了更多、粒子均一、形态完好的核壳胶囊。 关键词：活性自由基聚合，细乳液，微/纳米胶囊，双亲大分子，核壳结构 Abstract: This article strategy for nanoencapsulation via interfacially confined controlled/living radical miniemulsion polymerization which is stabilized by (pS-b-pAA)RAFT without emulsifiers was proposed. The principle of the strategy is based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules and reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization chemistry. The RAFT agent was designed to be amphiphilic and was used as a stabilizer of the miniemulsion. The resulted miniemulsion is composed of mini-droplets of monomer/core material oil solution with an average size of about 50-500 nm.The RAFT molecules are confined at the interface of water/oil. When a initiator is added, primary radicals are born. After several additions of monomer, the radicals become surface active and enter the mini-droplets. As the RAFT agent is has very high chain transfer coefficient, the radical would transfer among the RAFT agents located at the interface of the oil/water. By this way, the radical remains to be anchored in the interface, so the polymerization is confined in the interface. The polymer chains then grow inwards gradually, leading to the formation of a polymer shell. Different types of Poly(pSt-b-pAA) RAFT agents with different chain lengths and block compositions were synthesized by the bulk copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid. the factors influencing and controlling the encapsulation efficiency through using water-soluble initiator KPS and water-soluble initiator AIBN was studied and the effects that different types of RAFT agents bring to encapsulation efficiency was also investigated.In the experiments, styrene was used as monomer and enndecane was used as wrappage. Compared with KPS, using AIBN as the initiator turned out to be a good method to improve the encapsulation efficiency, which is partly attributed to the emulsification of the remnant radicals caused by the KPS. At the same time, when the RAFT agents have a good ability of emulsification, the encapsulation efficiency can be improved. Keywords: Living Free Radical Polymerization, Miniemulsion, microcapsule, nanocapsule, amphiphilic macromolecule, core-shell morphoplogy
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快速傅里叶变换解卷积技术在反应器停留时间分布求取中的应用_化工专业论文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目 录III 1 绪论1 1.1 反应器体系及子体系停留时间分布（RTD）1 1.2 卷积/解卷积的数值求解方法3 1.3 双螺杆挤出机停留时间分布5 2 傅里叶变换解卷积技术原理及验证9 2.1 傅里叶变换解卷积技术原理9 2.2 傅里叶变换解卷积技术验证模型11 2.3 傅里叶变换解卷积技术验证结果14 3 傅里叶变换解卷积技术在双螺杆挤出机局部停留时间分布求取中的应用19 3.1 数据来源19 3.2 傅里叶变换解卷积结果20 4 总结与展望24 致 谢25 参考文献26 摘 要：本文系统研究了快速傅里叶解卷积技术对于反应器停留时间分布求解问题的适用性。并用理想系统模型和这些理想体系加噪声后的模型进行验证，其结果与解析解相符甚好。最后以双螺杆挤出机为具体研究对象，利用快速傅里叶解卷积技术求得挤出机各段的局部停留时间分布曲线。得到的停留时间分布曲线呈单峰状，峰的两头波动（也就是误差）比较大。总体上而言，相同挤出条件下推进段的停留时间分布曲线要比捏合段窄，说明捏合段具有较好的混合效果。本文的研究表明，傅里叶变换解卷积技术在停留时间分布求取上有较好的应用前景，但是傅里叶变换解卷积法对原始数据的质量很敏感，在处理真实数据体系时仍有一定的困难。若能采用有效的滤波手段，可望提高其对被处理数据的适应性，拓展其应用领域。 关键词：停留时间分布；解卷积；傅里叶变换；双螺杆挤出机英文摘要 Abstract: This paper mainly describes the applicability of fast fourier transform (FFT) deconvolution technique, which is used in assessing the residence time distribution (RTD) of reactors. And then use the ideal system models and these models after added noise to verify it , the results consistent with the analytical results very well. Finally use the twin-screw extruder as research object, apply FFT deconvolution technique to obtain local RTD curves of every location of extruder. Obtained Residence time distribution curves shows a single peak shape, both ends of the peak (i.e. error) is relatively a little large. Generally speaking, in the same extruder conditions, the RTD curves of pushing zone are narrower than the RTD curves of kneading zone, it means that, kneading zone have a good mix effect. The research of this paper indicate that, FFT deconvolution technique have a good application foreground in assessing RTD, but FFT deconvolution method is sensitive to the quality of original data, it still have some troubles in treating with real data system. If use effectively filtering method, it is expected to increase its adaptability to the data and expand its application. Keywords: Residence time distribution; Deconvolution; Fast Fourier transform; Twin-screw extruder
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年产1500吨O，O—二乙氧基硫代磷酰氯车间设计_化工专业论文
化工专业论文范文 中文设计说明I 英文设计说明V 目 录IX 1． 总 论1 1.1 概述1 1.2 文献综述1 1.3 设计依据2 1.4 原料及产品主要规格3 1.5 车间危险物料主要物性表3 2． 工艺方案的确定4 3． 工艺流程简述5 3.1 主要反应式5 3.2 工艺过程简述5 4． 工艺计算书7 4.1 计算依据7 4.2 P2S5的用量计算及硫化过程物料衡算7 4.3 氯化过程的物料衡算8 4.4 精制过程的物料衡算9 4.5 尾气的吸收10 5． 主要设备及器材计算与选型11 5.1 反应釜R01及乙醇贮槽11 5.2 反应釜R0211 5.3 反应釜R0311 5.4 硫化物的计量贮槽11 5.5 粗氯化物的计量贮槽12 5.6 真空抽滤器12 6． 动力消耗定额及消耗量13 6.1 原材料消耗定额及消耗量13 6.2 水、电、冷冻消耗量及消耗定额13 7． 车间成本估算14 8． 总投资概算15 8.1 投资估算15 8.2 成本估算15 9． 安全生产16 9.1 关于化学物质的毒性的基本措施16 9.2 消防16 9.3 环保16 9.4 劳动安全与工业卫生17 9.5 应急处理处置方法17 9.5.1 P2S5（五硫化二磷）18 9.5.2 Cl2（氯气）19 9.5.3 H2S（硫化氢）19 9.5.4 HCl（氯化氢）20 9.5.5 硫化物和氯化物20 10． 总 结21 致 谢22 参考文献23 附录：工程图纸24
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基于干燥过程正交试验结果的神经网络建模_化工专业论文范文
基于干燥过程正交试验结果的神经网络建模_化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1.绪论1 1.1正交试验设计2 1.2正交表2 1.3正交表的表头设计3 1.4总结4 2.神经网络建模5 2.1神经网络建模理论基础5 2.2神经网络的建摸方法9 2.3多元线性回归原理和方法11 2.3.1实用理论方法11 2.4总结13 3.旋转闪蒸干燥器干燥啤酒糟试验采集数据的方法14 3.1物料在定态空气条件下的干燥速率14 3.2间歇干燥过程的计算16 3.3总结18 4.干燥过程的神经网络建摸方法应用与比较19 4.1网络拓扑结构19 4.2网络训练与模型精度19 4.3试验结果的计算与分析20 4.4总结27 5.结论28 致谢29 参考文献31 摘要：针对干燥过程的一般分析方法的不足，采取了干燥过程正交试验结果的神经网络建摸，并进行了详细的研究，该方法应用BP神经网络建立具有实际意义的干燥过程控制数学模型，并对结果进行一定的分析，从而实现试验结果的最优控制。本文具体阐述了进行旋转闪蒸干燥器干燥啤酒糟试验采集数据的神经网络方法，采用正交实验法进行实验，对不同操作条件下的啤酒糟含水质量分数进行了测试，并对直观分析、方差分析和神经网络方法分析结果的差异进行了概说和原因解释。此外，还对物料的干燥基本单元操作进行了详细解释。 论文的主要内容有：（1）阐述了正交试验的优越性，正交试验安排原理、方法的介绍和实现；（2）神经网络建模方法的原理及建模的实现方式；（3）进行试验采集数据的神经网络方法、统计回归方法建模，并利用模型实现趋势分析；（4）实际应用结果分析、比较与评价。 另外，本论文利用人工神经网络独有的非线性映射能力建立干燥过程的数学模型，并基于此模型用以指导生产。 关键词：神经网络建模；干燥过程；正交试验；直观分析；方差分析 Abstract:Against the general drying process analysis method, the drying process to take orthogonal test results of the neural network modeling, and to conduct a detailed study, The BP neural networks is of practical significance to the drying process control mathematical model, the results are analyzed, thus achieving optimal results of the pilot control. This article gives the flash drying brewer's grain test data collection of neural network methods, orthogonal experiment conducted experiments on different operating conditions of brewer's grain moisture content for the test, as well as visual analysis, variance analysis and neural network analysis of the differences and outlined the reasons. In addition, the drying of materials basic unit operation for a detailed explanation. The main contents of thesis has:（1）which describes the advantages of orthogonal test, test orthogonal arrangement principles and methods of presentation and realized;（2）The neural network modeling method and the principle of achieving modeling;（3）to carry out a pilot data collection of neural network methods, statistical regression modeling, and using the model trend analysis;（4）Apply the result analysis, comparison and eva luation physically. Moreover,this thesis makes use of artificial neural network modelling to possess singly not line to reflect the mathematics model of the ability of shooting establishment dry process,and guide production in order to according to this model. Keywords: Neural network modeling; Drying process; Orthogonal test; Visual analysis; Analysis of variance
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StBA RAFT共聚全程动力学研究_化工专业论文范文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1.绪论1 1.1 研究背景、目的及意义1 1.2 文献综述2 1.3 主要研究内容8 2.实验部分9 2.1 原料来源及精制9 2.2 苄基二硫代异丁酸酯（BDIB）的合成10 2.3 间歇聚合操作10 2.4 分析与表征10 3.结果与讨论12 3.1 RAFT的结构及其选择性12 3.2 BDIB调控下St/BA共聚动力学14 3.3 BDIB调控下苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚全程动力学及参数拟合16 4.总结18 致谢19 参考文献20 附录A22 附录B24 摘要：可逆加成－断裂链转移(Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, RAFT)聚合是九十年末兴起的可控/“活性”自由基聚合方法(Controlled/living radical polymerization, CLRP)之一。它结合了传统自由基聚合和活性离子聚合的优点。活性自由基聚合的“活性”特征将单个聚合物链的生长时间延长到小时的量级，这就使得用工程的方法对聚合物的链结构进行控制成为可能。若要能建立一个基于模型的半连续程序进料平台技术，利用这一平台技术实现对聚合物链结构的控制将具有很大的理论和实践意义。 本文在已有RAFT共聚动力学模型的基础上，首先合成了一种RAFT试剂——苄基二硫代异丁酸酯（BDIB）,然后研究了苯乙烯（St）/丙烯酸丁酯（BA）在BDIB调控下的共聚动力学行为，并根据所得动力学实验数据，优化了RAFT共聚动力学模型参数，从而使得共聚动力学模型能很好地预测St/BA RAFT共聚的动力学，为利用半连续程序进料法，实现对聚合物链结构的精确控制奠定了良好的基础。 关键词：苯乙烯；丙烯酸丁酯；动力学；RAFT聚合 Abstract: Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is one of the controlled/living free radical polymerization techniques. CLRP combines the advantages of conventional free radical polymerization and living ionic polymerization. The ‘living’ nature of CLRP gives individual chains a time period of hours to grow and allows us to control chain microstructure by engineering means. It will be critically important in theoretical and application areas by developing a model-based semi-batch monomer feeding policy to tailor-make copolymer chain structure via CLRP. In this paper, we synthesized a kind of RAFT agent----benzyl dithioisobutyrate (BDIB) and investigated the kinetic behavior of St/BA copolymerization mediated by BDIB. The results of the experiments show that BDIB can well control the styrene (St)/butyl acrylate (BA) copolymerization. Furthermore, with these experimental data, the adjusted parameters in the kinetic model are optimized. Thus, the model predictions are in a good agreement with the experimental data in polymerization rate. This will help us to precisely control the chain structure through semi-batch operation. Keywords：Styrene; Butyl acrylate; Kinetics; RAFT polymerization
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聚合物载药体系释放性能预测_化工专业论文范文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 目 录III 1 绪论1 1.1 聚合物载药体系1 1.2 药物释放过程机理3 1.3 药物释放过程机理模型进展5 2 聚合物载药体系释放过程模型的建立9 2.1 药物在聚合物载药体系中扩散系数的确定9 2.2 微球型聚合物载药体系的释放过程预测10 3 聚合物载药体系释放性能预测14 3.1 聚合物载药体系扩散系数的确定14 3.2 微球型聚合物载药体系释放性能预测16 4 总结与展望20 致 谢21 参考文献22 摘 要：聚合物载药体系被广泛用于药物的控制释放，其药物释放性能的合理预测对于用药过程有极其重要的指导意义。本文以茶碱/乙基纤维素/乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、咖啡因/乙基纤维素/乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯以及盐酸地尔硫卓/乙基纤维素/癸二酸二丁酯三种聚合载药体系为对象。根据文献数据，拟合得到了该三种聚合物载药体系的有效扩散系数分别为5.05×10-10、8.00×10-10和2.45×10-10 cm2/s。此外，从微球型药物释放性能预测结果可见，药物的起始释放速率很大，一段时间后，释放速率趋于平缓，直至全部药物释放完毕。同时，微球粒径对药物释放性能有很大的影响：粒径越小，药物释放速率越大，释放完毕所需的时间越短。通过控制微球粒径，可分别制得不同释放时间的聚合物载体药剂。 关键词：聚合物载药体系；控制释放；费克扩散模型；Higuchi模型
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苯乙酸的车间工艺设计_化工专业论文范文
化工专业论文范文 目 录 中文摘要I 英文摘要II 目录III 1. 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 我国医药中间体的一般概况…………………………………………………1 1.2 苯乙酸的一般概况……………………………………………………………1 1.2.1 苯乙酸的生产历史、现状及发展前景………………………………1 1.2.2 苯乙酸的理化性质……………………………………………………2 1.2.3 苯乙酸的质量标准和用途……………………………………………3 1.3 苯乙酸的合成路线……………………………………………………………4 1.3.1 氯苄- NaCN法(苯乙腈水解法)………………………………………4 1.3.2 苯乙酰胺水解法(维尔格罗德法)……………………………………4 1.3.3 氯苄- CO2电解法………………………………………………………5 1.3.4 氯苄羰基化法…………………………………………………………5 1.4 苯乙酸工艺路线的选择………………………………………………………6 2. 苯乙酸车间工艺的设计计算 ……………………………………………………8 2.1 设计内容………………………………………………………………………8 2.2 工艺流程框图…………………………………………………………………8 2.3 生产周期的确定………………………………………………………………8 2.4 年产1800吨苯乙酸的物料衡算过程 ………………………………………9 2.4.1 计算依据………………………………………………………………9 2.4.2 反应中主要原料及产物的分子量及相对密度………………………9 2.4.3 物料衡算原理 ………………………………………………………10 2.4.4 羰化岗位 ……………………………………………………………11 2.4.5 羰化反应釜的物料平衡表 …………………………………………12 2.4.6 蒸馏岗位 ……………………………………………………………12 2.4.7 蒸馏岗位物料平衡表 ………………………………………………13 2.4.8 结晶岗位 ……………………………………………………………13 2.4.9 结晶岗位的物料平衡表 ……………………………………………13 2.5 热量衡算……………………………………………………………………14 2.5.1 热量衡算概述 ………………………………………………………14 2.5.2 热量衡算方程式及各部分热量具体计算 …………………………14 2.5.3 羰化反应岗位Q1(Q4)的计算…………………………………………15 2.5.4 Q3的计算………………………………………………………………16 2.5.5 Q5+Q6的计算 …………………………………………………………19 2.5.6 Q2的计算………………………………………………………………19 2.5.7 加热蒸汽量q的计算 ………………………………………………19 2.5.8 蒸馏岗位的热量衡算（常压）………………………………………19 2.6 反应釜釜体设计……………………………………………………………21 2.6.1 确定羰化釜的容积 …………………………………………………21 2.6.2 确定筒体和封头型式 ………………………………………………22 2.6.3 确定筒体和封头直径 ………………………………………………22 2.6.4 确定筒体高度 ………………………………………………………22 2.6.5 确定夹套直径 ………………………………………………………22 2.6.6 确定夹套高度 ………………………………………………………22 2.6.7 内筒及夹套的受力分析 ……………………………………………23 2.6.8 计算夹套筒体、封头厚度 …………………………………………23 2.6.9 计算内筒筒体厚度 …………………………………………………23 2.6.10 确定内筒封头厚度…………………………………………………25 2.6.11 确定结晶釜的容积…………………………………………………25 2.6.12 确定结晶釜各参数…………………………………………………25 2.6.13 确定水洗釜的容积…………………………………………………28 2.6.14 确定水洗釜各参数…………………………………………………28 2.7 蒸馏塔的计算及选型………………………………………………………28 2.8 换热设备的计算及选型……………………………………………………29 2.8.1 蒸馏岗位冷凝器的选型 ……………………………………………29 2.9 干燥器的选型………………………………………………………………30 2.10 过滤器的选型………………………………………………………………30 2.11 贮罐容积的计算及选型……………………………………………………30 2.11.1 氯苄贮罐……………………………………………………………30 2.11.2 甲醇贮罐……………………………………………………………31 2.11.3 滤液贮罐……………………………………………………………31 2.12 其他设备的计算及选型……………………………………………………31 2.12.1 泵的选型……………………………………………………………31 3. 结果与讨论………………………………………………………………………32 3.1 物料衡算结果 ………………………………………………………………32 3.2 热量衡算结果 ………………………………………………………………32 3.3 釜体及其他设备设计结果 …………………………………………………32 4. 总结与展望………………………………………………………………………33 致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………34 参考文献……………………………………………………………………………35 附录： 设备一览表 车间工艺流程图 车间平面布置图 摘 要：苯乙酸又称苯醋酸、苄基甲酸，是一种重要有机化工原料。本文通过对几种生产工艺的比较选择使用氯苄羰基合成法工艺为本次设计的生产工艺路线。用氯苄、氢氧化钠和一氧化碳为原料，以羰基钴为催化剂生产苯乙酸。工艺过程简单，产品纯度高，是苯乙酸生产的一条高产、优质、低成本的有效途径.设计了一个年产1800吨苯乙酸的生产车间,对物料、热量、釜体、车间布置等进行研究。 根据工艺特点确定反应周期为每批16小时，每天1批。通过物料衡算得到每一种所需原料的质量；通过热量衡算得到所需传递的热量；然后根据衡算结果进行釜体设计,确定为10立方米的反应釜，设计了釜体各部分尺寸；还对原料贮罐、泵、蒸馏塔等设备进行了设计选型；并给出了工艺流程图、车间布置图和设备一览表。 关键词：苯乙酸；物料衡算；热量衡算；釜体设计；车间布置 Abstract:The Phenylacetate also calls Benzene acetic acid or formic acid benzyl, this paper choose Carbonyl chloride synthesis as the production process for this design through comparison of a few craft process. Use the Chloride, sodium hydroxide and carbon monoxide as raw materials, taking the Cobalt Carbonyl as catalyst to produce Phenylacetate. The craft process for Phenylacetate is a valid path of high produce, superior quality and low cost for the process is simple and product purity is high. We Designed a Production workshop for Phenylacetate of 1800 t/a for annual output, and studyed the materials, calories, body, the workshop decoration etc. According to the the process characteristics, we definite the reaction cycle for 16 hours each time, everyday 1 pass. According to the results of balance, We design the kettle ,also definite a Reactor of 10 cubic meters, though Mass Balance, quality that materials needed each time, and though Heat Balance, calories that needed to deliver, the design also included the body each parts of sizes 、raw materials storage, pumps, distillation columns and other equipment, and so on. Finally, a flow chart of the reaction, a workshop layout diagram and a reaction kettle assembling drawing are given. Keywords：Phenylacetate;Mass Balance;Heat Balance;Kettle Design;Workshop Layout
